Aba-Gen Z bariko basenyura amareta – none iri sekeza ryo ku mbuga za none rirashobora kuzana impinduka zirama?

Kuva muri Maroc gushika muri Madagascar, muri Paraguay gushika muri Peru, isekeza ry'imyiyerekano ikorwa n'urwaruka ruzwi nk'aba Generation Z (Gen Z) ruri hagati y'imyaka 13 gushika kuri 28, ririko rirakwiragira isi yose, aho rwerekana ingene rwashegeshwe n'amareta, rusaba impinduka.

Hejuru y'uko abakiri bato ari bo bafata iya mbere muri iyi myiyerekano, ico ihuriyeko ni uko hose icishwa kandi igakokezwa n'imbuga hwaniro, ariko abahinga bagabisha ko ishobora kuba kandi irimwo n'imbuto zo kuzokwisenyura yo nyene.

Imyiyerekano yo kwiyamiriza icikagurika ry'umuyagankuba n'ubukene bw'amazi yasenyuye reta muri Madagascar. Imyiyerekano yo kwiyamiriza igiturire na ka mwana wa mama yatumye umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Nepal atanga imihoho. Aba-Gen Z bo muri Kenya nabo baherutse kwiha amabarabara baca no ku mbuga hwaniro basaba ko reta ikora ivyo yiyemeje hamwe n'impinduka.

Muri Peru, ibico vy'urwaruka vyarisukiriye ku nyubakwa y'inama nshingamateka, harimwo abadereva b'amabisi n'amataxi, berekana ingene barakajwe n'abarya igiturire, hamwe n'umutekano muke ubandanya wiyongera. Abakozi batobato bari mu myiyerekano yo kwiyamiriza igabanuka ry'ivya nkenerwa mu buzima muri Indonesia.

Eka na Maroc ni uko, aho iki gihugu kirangwamwo imyiyerekano ya mbere minini yo kwiyamiriza reta inyuma y'imyaka itari mike, aho abari muri yo basaba ubuvuzi bubereye n'amashure meza, bakanegura amamiriyoni n'amamiriyoni akoreshwa mu kwubaka ibibuga bizokinirwako igikombe c'isi.

Muri iyi myiyerekano yose, imbuga hwaniro zigira uruhara rudasanze – nk'urubuga rwo guhanahana amakuru, ugufatana mu nda, kuyobora iyi myiyerekano hamwe no guhanahaniramwo inyigisho.

Ariko iyi niyo myiyerekano ibaye "inyuma y'isegenya ry'imyiyerekano yafashijwe n'ubuhinga bwa none, haraciye imyaka 15", nk'uko bivugwa na Janjira Sombatpoonsiri, wo mu kigo co mu Budagi Institute for Global and Area Studies.

Muri iri segenya harimwo amasekeza yataziriwe Arab Spring ryo mu 2010-11, Occupy Wall Street mu 2011, Indignados Movement mu 2011–12 ryo kurwanya ingingo zo gutubika umukanda muri Espagne, hamwe n'imyiyerekano yo guharanira demokarasi muri Thailand (2020–21), Sri Lanka (2022) na Bangladesh (2024).

'Igiturire kiba ikintu kigaragara'

Steven Feldstein, umushakashatsi mukuru mu kigo c'abahinga Carnegie Endowment for International Peace co muri Amerika, yerekana ko iri ari isekeza ryatanguye kera imbere y'aha - mu myiyerekano yiswe Second People Power Revolution mu 2001 mu mazinga ya Philippines, aho ubutumwa bugufi bwagize uruhara rudasanzwe.

Ati: "Ivy'uko urwaruka rukamisha ubuhinga bwa none mu guhimiriza imyiyerekano y'abantu benshi si ikintu gishasha".

Ariko aho bitandukaniye n'uno musi ni ukungene ubuhinga buteye imbere cane – aho ikoreshwa ry'amaterefone ngendanwa, imbuga hwaniro, imihora yo guhanahana amakuru n'ubuhinga bwa vuba cane bw'ubwenge bw'ubukorano(AI), rigeze kure cane, rigatuma vyorohera abantu guhamagarana.

Feldstein ati: "Ivyo ni vyo aba-Gen Z bakuranye – uko niko bahanahana amakuru".

"Ibi vyerekanwa n'ukungene uru ruvyaro rwitunganya".

Amasanamu n'amakuru acishwa kuri izo mbuga bishika kure cane kandi ku muvuduko munini cane gusumba imbere yaho, ibi bikaduza uburakazi bikanatuma bafatana mu nda.

Athena Charanne Presto, umuhinga mu bijanye n'inyifato kuri Kaminuza y'igihugu ya Australia, agira ati: "Imbuga hwaniro zatumye ivyahora vyandikwa kuri izi mbuga bigafatwa ko ari ivyo mu buzima busanzwe biba ivyemezo vya poritike, mbere kenshi bikavamwo ugutera akamo abantu guhaguruka.

"Igiturire gikunze kuboneka nk'uko umengo ni ikintu kidafadika iyo kivuzwe mu vyegeranyo canke mu manza – ariko iyo abantu bakibona ku materefone yabo, igiturire kirahinduka kikaba ikintu kiboneka.

"Ubu, mu buryo bw'amazu y'agatangaza, imiduga myiza myiza, amasakoshi yo gusuma y'akataraboneka, ni ibintu vyerekana ubuzima bw'abatunzi, bikanagaragaza n'intera iri hagati y'ubuzima bwabo n'ububabare abanyagihugu babayemwo, ibi na vyo bikaba igitutsi kuri bo, bikanatuma kandi ibijanye n'igiturire gisigurwa mu buryo bugoye gutahura bisenyuka, ahubwo kigaca kigaragarira mu bintu bito bito bigaragara ku muntu uw'ari wese".

Ibi ni vyo vyabaye muri uku kw'icenda guheze muri Nepal – aho imyiyerekano yandurutse kw'ifoto yacishijwe kuri Instagram yerekana umuhungu w'umunyaporitike yari ahagaze iruhande y'ibisharizo vya Noweli bigizwe n'amasandugu y'ibintu vy'agaciro – ariko kandi no muri Philippines.

Umupfasoni Presto avuga ati: "Co kimwe na Nepal, ibi vyarabaye no mu rwaruka rwa Philippines kuko cerekanye ikintu bari basanzwe bazi - ko banyaporitike bo hejuru babayeho mu buzima bw'ikirenga".

"Hanyuma ku vyerekeye Philippines, ubu buzima bw'ikirenga buterwa n'ukungene abanyaporitike bariko barasahura mu migambi yo kurwanya imyuzure irushirizaho guhitana Abanya- Philippines".

Imbuga hwaniro ziratuma kandi haba uguhanahana hagati y'ibihugu n'ibindi imikenyuro mu gutegura imyiyerekano.

Hashtag ya #MilkTeaAlliance, ni urubuga rwo guharanira demokarasi rwo muri Aziya rwavutse mu myiyerekano yabereye i Hong Kong mu 2019, rwacitse urubuga rw'abaharanira demokarasi muri Myanmar (yahora yitwa Birmanie), muri Thailand no hanze.

Nk'akarorero, imyiyerekano yo muri Thailand, yifashishije umukenyuro wo muri Hong Kong wataziriwe "be water" - mu gutangaza amahuriro ariko bagaca bahindura ibibanza mu munota wa nyuma baciye ku mihora ya Telegram, bagatesha umutwe igipolisi.

Umupfasoni Sombatpoonsiri ati: "Uno mukenyuro warafashije abanyagihugu kwirinda gukurikiranwa no gufatwa".

Inkota y'ubugi bubiri

Mu gihe induru zariko zikwiragira ku mbuga hwaniro, intwaro z'umukazo zaciye zitangura gucungera no gukoresha inguvu. Ariko abahinga bagabisha ko ibi bikorwa vyo gutuza abari muri yo kenshi bigira ingaruka mbi – mbere bigashobora no guteza imyiyerekano minini gusumba, cane cane iyo hagize amasanamu yerekanywe ikibiriraho y'ukungene reta iriko ikoresha inguvu z'umurengera, ibi na vyo bigashobora guteza uburakari abanyagihugu.

Akarorero ni ivyabaye muri Bangladesh mu 2024 - igihe reta y'umugambwe Awami League yugara interineti, igahagarika abagerageje kuzunguruka iyi ngingo yishimikije itegeko rijanye n'umutekano wo ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi (Digital Security Act), ikanarasa abanyeshure bari mu baharanira uburenganzira. Ariko ifoto imwe – y'umunyeshure Abu Sayed yishwe arashwe n'igipolisi – yamugize umumaratiri mbere ituma haduka n'iyindi myiyerekano mu mabarabara.

Ibintu nk'ibi vyarabaye muri Sri Lanka, Indonesia, na Nepal, aho iyicwa ry'abari mu myiyerekano ryateje uburakari, basaba ibintu bitoroshe, riranatuma rimwe na rimwe intwaro zisenyuka.

Ariko rero, nubwo izi mbuga hwaniro zakomeje imirwi y'abategura imyiyerekano, ziranatuma bashobora gucanamwo no guhigwa buhongo.

Umupfasoni Sombatpoonsiri avuga ko, kubona ata burongozi bw'ino mirwi buba buhari bituma abari muri yo "boroherezanya kandi bakumva ko bose bangana", ariko akemeza ko bishobora gutuma vyoroha kuvogera ino mirwi, guteza ubukozi bw'ikibi canke abari muri yo bakihindukiza.

Muri Thailand , igihugu kigendera ku ntwaro ya cami, impari ku mbuga ntangamakuru za none zaratumye mu mirwi y'abaharanira demokarasi mu 2020 bacanamwo, inyuma y'aho ama-hashtag yavuga ngo RepublicOfThailand hamwe n'inzandiko zerekana ibimenyetso vya gikomunista zatumye bamwe mu bari gushobora kuyifata mu mugongo bumva ko bakumiriwe. Eka no muri Nepal na Bangladesh, imyiyerekano yari itunganijwe nabi vyarashika ikadukamwo ubukozi bw'ikibi.

Hagati aho, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko intwaro ziriko zikoresha ubuhinga bwa none mu gutuza abaharanira uburenganzira.

Umupfasoni Sombatpoonsiri agira ati: "Kuva muri ca gihe ca Printemps Arabe, intwaro zaratanguje ubuhinga bwa maneko zikoresheje ubwenge bw'ubukorano (AI/IA), kugenzura cane ivyandikwa, n'amategeko y'agahotoro, ivyashize mu kaga ibikorwa vy'abaharanira uburenganzira".

Abahinga kandi baracaharira ku ngaruka z'igihe kirekire iyi myiyerekano yubakiwe ku mbuga hwaniro ishobora kuzogira.

Mu myaka ya 1980 na 1990, ibikorwa vy'abaharanira impinduka vyarashika ku ntego zavyo ku rugero rwa 65%, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwa kaminuza ya Harvard bwo mu 2020 bubivuga. Ariko hagati ya 2010 na 2019, uru rugero rwarakorotse gushika kuri 34%.

Umupfasoni Sombatpoonsiri ati: "Nubwo imyiyerekano y'abantu isinzi ishobora guhindura ubutegetsi canke intwaro, si ukuvuga ko haca haba ubwo nyene impinduka z'igihe kirekire.

"Imyiyerekano ishobora kwadukamwo intambara zo mu gihugu hagati, nk'uko vyagenze muri Syria, Myanmar, na Yemen, bigatuma imirwi ikebana irwanira gufata ubutegetsi, canke bigatuma hagaruka intwaro z'igikenye kandi zigatsimbatara, nk'uko vyagenze mu Misiri, Tunisia, na Serbia, kuko wasanga impinduka zinaniwe no gusambura ivyubatswe n'intwaro zahahora".

Hejuru y'ama-hashtag

Feldstein agira ati: "Mu bisanzwe [imbuga hwaniro] ntizigenewe kuzana impinduka z'igihe kirekire.

"Ugendera gusa ku bushobozi bwazo bwo gukwiragiza ubutumwa, kw'ishavu ry'abanyagihugu, canke ku ma hashtag kugira ngo bukomere.

"Impinduka zisaba ko abantu boronka ingene bava muri iyi nzira y'ubusimbirahamwe bagashinga urunani rufise intumbero y'igihe kirekire, rwubakiye ku migenderanire iboneka mu buzima busanzwe hamwe no ku mbuga ntangamakuru za none".

Abahinga bashimangira kandi ko ari ngombwa ko haba "imikenyuro y'uruvangatirane".

Umupfasoni Sombatpoonsiri ati: "Iyi mikenyuro ikwiye guhuriza hamwe urugamba rwo ku mbuga ntangamakuru za none hamwe n'uburyo bwa kera, nk'uguhagarika akazi canke kuja mu myiyerekano.

"Ni nkenerwa cane kandi gushinga inani zikomeye zotsimbataza ugukorana hagati y'amashirahamwe adaharanira ivyicaro vya poritike, imigambwe, abari mu mashirahamwe ya reta, hamwe n'imirwi ikorera ku mbuga ntangamakuru za none".