'Byari kurutwa n'uko banyica': Intambara yibagiranye irimbura abagore

Kuburira: Iyi nkuru irimo ibisobanuro by'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Amazina y'abahohotewe yahinduwe kandi ibisobanuro bishobora kubahishura byakuwemo kugira ngo barindwe umutekano n'ubuzima bwabo.

Enat avuga ko yari mu rugo hamwe n'umwishwa we w'umukobwa ufite imyaka umunani ubwo abasirikare bahageraga ku cyumweru mu gitondo.

Icyo gihe ingabo za Ethiopia zari mu bikorwa byo gusaka mu ngo zo mu karere ka Amhara, mu rwego rwo guhashya umwuka w'intambara uri kwiyongera watangijwe n'inyeshyamba z'abaturage zizwi nka Fano.

Enat avuga ko abagabo batatu bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare binjiye mu rugo rwe mu gace ka South Gondar batangira kumubaza amateka y'umuryango we n'isano riri hagati ya Fano n'akabari yakoreragamo.

Enat, ufite imyaka 21, yavuze ko isano ihari kuko bakunda kuhaza bakanamuteza imbere.

Yongeraho ati: "Twari kubeshya dute? Twari guhisha ukuri dute?"

Enat asobanura ko Fano ari ijambo riri mu rurimi rw'Amharic risobanura "abarwanyi b'ubwitange", bakaba bagizwe n'abaturage basanzwe.

Enat akomeza avuga ko nyuma yo kubasubiza atyo, abo basirikare batangiye kumutuka hanyuma banatera ubwoba umwana w'umuvandimwe we babanaga ari nako bamutunga imbunda, atangira kurira.

Enat avuga ko umwe muri abo basirikare yamusambanyije ku ngufu bagenzi be bashungereye, kandi bikabera imbere y'umwana muto ibintu bimushengura umutima na n'ubu.

"Nabasabye kutangirira nabi. Nahamagaye abamalayika bose niyambaza n'abatagatifu, ariko biba iby'ubusa kuko ijwi ryanjye ritumviswe ahubwo nasambanyijwe mu buryo burimo ubugome kandi buteye ubwoba." Ni ko avuga.

Mbere y'uko akorerwa iyicarubozo nk'iryo, Enat avuga ko atari yarigeze aryamana n'umugabo kandi yari afite icyifuzo cyo kuzashinga urugo anyuze mu rusengero rwe mu muhango ujyanye n'amahame ya Gikirisitu ya Orthodox nk'uko abakobwa bo mu muryango we babikora.

Ubukwe nk'ubu ni kimwe mu birango by'umuco ukomeye w'Aba-Amhara, ariko busaba ko abagiye gushyingiranwa bagomba kuba bagifite "ubusugi" bwabo kugeza babiherewe umugisha.

Aha ni ho ahera avuga ati: "Aho kungenza batya byari kurutwa n'uko banyica."

Enat, wo mu bwoko bw'aba-Amhara - ubwoko bwa kabiri bunini muri Etiyopiya - ari mu bihumbi by'abagore bikekwa ko bashimuswe kandi bagasambanywa ku ngufu kuva amakimbirane yatangira hagati y'ingabo n'abarwanyi ba Fano, muri Kanama (8) 2023.

Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri aka karere ntiryavuzwe cyane, ariko BBC yakusanyije amakuru agaragaza ko hagati ya Nyakanga(7) 2023 na Gicurasi(5) 2025 habayeho ibihumbi by'amaraporo y'ihohotera, harimo abahohotewe bafite imyaka kuva ku 8 kugeza kuri 65.

N'ubwo itangazamakuru ryigenga ritemererwa kwinjira mu karere k'aba-Amhara ngo ritangaze umubabaro wabo, itsinda rya BBC rikorera i Nairobi ryabashije kuvugana n'abagore n'abaganga bo mu karere, ritanga ishusho idasanzwe y'ingaruka z'iki kibazo ku baturage.

Intambara yatangiye ubwo leta yageragezaga gusenya imitwe y'ingabo z'uturere, irimo n'iyo muri Amhara, bari bararwanye ku ruhande rw'ingabo mu ntambara yo mu 2020 – 2022 yabereye mu karere ka Tigray.

Fano bumvise ko babateye umugongo kandi bumva ko bizabashyira mu kaga ko kugabwaho ibitero biturutse i Tigray cyangwa ahandi, cyane ko ihohoterwa ku bwoko bw'Aba Amhara ryiyongereye nk'uko imiryango y'uburenganzira bwa muntu ibivuga.

Mu kwihimura, Fano yatangije intambara, ifata imijyi minini. Bavuga ko barwanira ubwigenge bw'akarere no kurengera abaturage babo bakomeje gushyirwa mu kato n'ubutegetsi bwa Etiyopiya.

Uyu mutwe ufatwa nka nyirabayazana w'ibibazo bikomeye by'ihohotera bikorwa n'ingabo, zitavuga rumwe na Fano zibita "abanyamwuga b'ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko."

Kuva intambara yatangira, impande zombi zishinjwa ubwicanyi butandukanye, gufunga abantu uko biboneye, kubimura ku ngufu kubavana mu byabo, gusahura imitungo n'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.

Imiryango irengera uburenganzira bwa muntu irimo Amnesty International ivuga ko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ingabo za leta ari zo ziyoboye ibi bikorwa ku bwinshi.

Bavuga ko abaturage bo mu bwoko bw'Aba Amhara mu tundi duce twa Ethiopia na bo babaye intandaro y'ihohoterwa ry'ubugome bikozwe n'inzego z'umutekano n'indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro.

Umuryango wanjye wansanze ntazi aho ndi

Tigist, ufite imyaka 18, ukomoka i West Gojjam mu karere ka Amhara, yari asanzwe akorera mu nzu y'umuryango we icuruza icyayi cya gakondo mbere y'uko agabwaho igitero.

Avuga ko muri Mutarama(1) 2024, umusirikare wari umukiriya usanzwe yamukorakoye ariko akamwiyama. Uko kumwiyama ngo ni ko kwabaye intandaro yatumye bamusagarira.

Nyuma y'aho ku mugoroba, ubwo yari atashye avuye ku kazi, avuga ko abasirikare batatu barimo n'uwo wamukorakoye, bamugabyeho igitero mu muhanda agenda maze bakamufata ku ngufu bamugaritse ku nkengero z'umuhanda.

Mu gahinda kenshi, yagize ati: "Umuryango wanjye wansanze nataye ubwenge, ndyamye ku nkengero z'umuhanda, ntazi aho ndi. Bantwaye ku ivuriro, aho namaze iminsi itanu."

Tigist avuga ko adashobora gusohoka mu rugo kubera ubwoba bukabije bwo kuva mu rugo no kubona abagabo.

Yagize ati: "Ubwoba bumbuza kujya ku kazi… Iyo mbonye abasirikare cyangwa abagabo bose ndakangarana nkihisha."

Yongeraho ko yaje kureka ubuzima bwe busanzwe no guhagarika ubukwe bwe. Avuga ko atigeze abwira fiancé we icyabaye cyangwa impamvu yabiteye.

Kubera kwiheba gukabije, Tigist yagerageje kwiyahura, ariko umuryango we umutabara ritararenga.

Avuga ko n'ubwo yigeze kongera gutekereza kwiyahura, yasezeranyije umuryango we ko atazongera kugerageza kwiyica.

Birababaje kuvuka uri umugore

BBC yakusanyije amakuru mu mavuriro 43 yo mu karere ka Amhara, angana hafi na 4% by'amavuriro yose muri ako karere, hamwe n'andi masoko y'ubuvuzi kugira ngo ibone ishusho y'ibirimo kuba.

Muri ayo mavuriro, habonetse raporo 2,697 z'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gusambanywa ku ngufu hagati ya 18 Nyakanga 2023 na Gicurasi 2025. Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 18 bagize 45% by'izo raporo.

Abarenze kimwe cya kabiri by'abahohotewe basanze baranduye indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs), mu gihe benshi muri bo banasanze batwite kandi bafite ihungabana rikomeye mu mitekerereze yabo.

Gusa ngo abenshi mu bahohotewe ntibajya gutanga ibirego cyangwa gushaka ubuvuzi kubera gutinya igisebo cyangwa kumenya ko bashobora kuba baranduye indwara cyangwa batwite.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, inzobere mu buzima yavuganye na BBC mu ibanga kubera impungenge z'umutekano yavuze ko abaza ku mavuriro ari "igice gito cy'ikibazo kinini kitavugwa byeruye."

Lemlem ari mu bahohotewe, ariko ntiyigeze ajya gutanga amakuru cyangwa gushaka ubuvuzi, kubera gutinya kumenya ko yaba yaranduye indwara nka VIH.

Uyu mukobwa ufite imyaka 23, akomoka i South Gondar akaba avuga ko abasirikare b'ingabo za leta binjiye mu rugo rwe ku ya 6 Mutarama basaba amakuru, nk'uko bisanzwe bikorwa n'ingabo.

Avuga ko ubwo baburaga ibyo bashakaga, umwe mu basirikare yamufashe ku ngufu.

Yagize ati: "Yarampemukiye, ambuza no gutaka ahubwo akambwira ati: 'Nusakuza, isasu rimwe rirahagije.' Narize ukwezi kwose. Sinashoboraga kurya. Icyo nakoze cyonyine ni ukubabara birenze urugero. Sinashoboraga kugenda. Namaze igihe ndwaye cyane."

Avuga ko ihohoterwa ryatumye atongera kujya mu rusengero, aho atinya kuba ikiganiro cy'abantu.

Mu ntimba nyinshi ati: "Birababaje kuvuka uri umugore. Iyo mba umugabo, bashoboraga kunyica bakagenda. Simfe mpagaze gutya."

Abaganga bavuganye na BBC bavuga ko habayeho izamuka rikabije ry'abahohotewe kuva intambara yatangira. Umwe muri bo yagize ati: "Baza bahinda umushyitsi, batabasha kuvuga".

Yongeraho ko abahohoterwa baba badashaka kuvuga ababakoreye ihohoterwa kandi ntibashaka n'ubutabera, ahanini kubera ko intambara yatumye amategeko adakurikizwa. Ngo no kwivuza bajyayo kubera gutinya gusama.

Hari kandi n'abajya kwivuza hashize igihe kinini nyuma yo guhohoterwa, ku buryo imiti yo kurinda indwara nka VIH ntacyo iba iri bubafashe.

VIH ishobora kwirindwa nyuma yo kwanduzwa hakoreshejwe imiti yitwa post-exposure prophylaxis, ariko igomba gutangwa vuba nyuma yo gukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'uwanduye.

Undi muganga avuga ko benshi mu bahohotewe bavuga ko batabasha kugera ku buvuzi ku gihe kubera ko inzira zafunzwe n'intambara.

Umuganga mukuru atangaza ko atinya ko ikibazo cy'ubuzima rusange n'imibereho gishobora kuba gikomeye.

Bishingiye ku makuru yakusanyijwe n'amavuriro, avuga ko "hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko ubwandu bwa VIH bushobora kwiyongera kandi ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bishobora kugera ku rwego rukabije," yongeraho ko hari n'abagerageje kwiyahura.

Imibare ya Minisiteri y'Ubuzima ya Etiyopiya yo mu 2022 yerekanye ko ubwandu bwa VIH muri ako karere bwari hafi 1.1 ku bantu 100 – hejuru y'impuzandengo y'igihugu.

BBC ntiyabashije kuganira n'abahohotewe n'ingabo za Fano kubera kubura uburyo bwo kugera aho bari.

Muri Kamena(6) 2024, Ibiro bya Loni bishinzwe Uburenganzira bwa Muntu byatangaje ko Ingabo za Etiyopiya zirimo n'igisirikare zakoresheje ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, harimo n'iryakorewe abana, mu karere ka Amhara mu ntambara na Fano militia.

BBC yasabye Minisiteri y'Ingabo ya Etiyopiya gusubiza ku birego, ariko nyuma y'amezi menshi ntacyo yasubije.

Ubusabe bwinshi bwa BBC bwo kubona amakuru arambuye ku nzego z'akarere nabwo ntibwagize igisubizo, kuko nta gisubizo twahawe.

Umuyobozi wa Fano, Asres Mare Damtie, yabwiye BBC ko itsinda ritazi niba hari abarwanashyaka baryo babigizemo uruhare, avuga ko nta birego byigeze bitangwa kandi ko rifite ibihano bikomeye birimo urupfu ku bakoze ibyaha nk'ibyo.

BBC yamenye ko iperereza ryategetswe na leta riyobowe na Kaminuza ya Bahir Dar ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryakorewe abagore mu ntambara yo muri Amhara ryatangiye, kandi ibisubizo bizatangazwa mu minsi iri imbere.

Mu mwaka wa 2021, ubwo ingabo n'abafatanyabikorwa bazo – harimo na Fano icyo gihe, bahuraga n'ibirego bisa mu ntambara yo muri Tigray, leta yamaganye ikoreshwa ry'ihohoterwa ariko yita ibyo birego "ibishingiye ku marangamutima kandi bifutamye."

Kugeza ubu, nta gikorwa cya leta cyatangajwe ku mugaragaro cyo guhana abakoze ibyaha.

Amnesty International yagaragaje impungenge ku byo yita "imikorere idahinduka yo kudahana abakoze ibyaha mu ngabo za Etiyopiya."

"Nta bushake bwo gushyira abakoze ibyaha mu butabera," nk'uko Haimanot Ashenafi, umushakashatsi w'akarere muri iyo mpuzamiryango abivuga. "Baracyarwana, baracyari hanze nta gihano… abarokotse ihohoterwa ryangije ubuzima bwabo bakwiye ubutabera."

Ku ruhande rwa Enat, ingaruka z'ihohoterwa zageze kure.

Ukwezi kumwe nyuma y'igitero, yahunze umudugudu we kugira ngo yirinde ihungabana. Icyo gihe ngo ni bwo yamenye ko atwite inda yakuye mu ihohoterwa.

Yongeraho ko yatekereje gukuramo inda, bikemewe mu mategeko ya Ethiopia mu gihe kitarenze ibyumweru 12 ku mugore wahohotewe, ariko ngo yaratinye.

Abisobanura atya: "Natinye Imana, kandi natekereje kuri mama. Byari kugenda bite kuri we iyo mpfa ndimo gukuramo inda?"

Yakomeje avuga ko yabyaye umukobwa muri Nzeri (9). Nubwo ibyo byamubayeho, Enat afata umwana we nk'"impano y'Imana."

Ubu Enat aba kwa mwene wabo kandi ntashobora gukora kuko agomba kwita ku mwana. Ahora yibaza uko azabaho we n'umwana we.

Mu ijwi ridafite icyizere, asoza avuga ati: "Ngubwo ubuzima mbayemo, niba ibi ari byo bita kubaho, ubwo ndiho".