Isi iri kurushaho gushyuha – Dore icyo ibyo bikora ku bwonko bwacu

Ubushyuhe bw'isi buragenda bwiyongera kubera ihindagurika ry'ikirere, abahanga muri siyanse barimo gushakisha kumenya neza ingaruka z'ubu bushyuhe ku mikorere y'ubwonko bwacu.

Igihe Jake yari afite amezi atanu gusa, yafashwe bwa mbere n'uburwayi bwa 'tonic-clonic seizure' - twagereranya n'igicuri kigitangira, umubiri we muto waragagaye maze urongera urarekura.

"Hari hashyushye cyane, na we ashyushye. Ibyo twabonye twibazaga ko ari cyo kintu giteye ubwoba cyane tubonye", ni ko nyina Stephanie Smith avuga, yongeraho ati: "Nyamara nticyari icya nyuma".

'Seizures' zatangiye kujya zifata Jake mu bihe by'ubushyuhe. Uko impeshyi yazaga uyu muryango wakoraga ibishoboka ngo inzu yabo igumane ubuhehere kugira ngo ubwo burwayi bugagaza umubiri nk'ufashwe n'amashanyarazi budakubita umwana wabo.

Nyuma yo gukorerwa isuzuma ry'uturemangingo agize amezi 18, Jake bamusanzemo 'Dravet Syndrome', indwara y'ubwonko izamo ibimenyetso by'igicuri. Ni indwara ifata umwana umwe ku bana 15,000.

'Seizures' akenshi zizana n'ubumuga mu bwonko cyangwa n'izindi ndwara zo mu bwonko nka 'autism' n'indwara ya 'ADHD' (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), hamwe n'ibibazo byo kuvuga, kugenda, kurya no gusinzira. Ubushyuhe n'impinduka zitunguranye z'ibipimo byabwo bishobora kuzana 'seizure'.

Jake ubu afite imyaka 13, ariko yagiye agira 'seizures' zitabarika igihe ikirere gihindutse, nk'uko nyina abivuga.

Ati: "Uko impeshyi zirushaho gushyuha hakaba n'inkubi z'ubushyuhe (heatwaves) byongera umugogoro wo kubana n'iyi ndwara ibabaje".

'Dravet Syndrome' ni imwe mu ndwara zo mu mutwe zirushaho kumera nabi mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bukabije, nk'uko bivugwa na Sanjay Sisodiya inzobere mu kureba ingaruka z'ubushyuhe ku bwonko wo muri University College London.

Sanjay usanzwe kandi ari umuganga w'indwara z'ubwonko (neurologist) w'inzobere mu buvuzi bw'igicuri, kenshi yakira abarwayi bavuga ko bamererwa nabi mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bukabije.

Ati: "Byatumye nibaza nti 'kuki ihindagurika ry'ikirere ritaba rigira ingaruka ku bwoko?' Ko n'ubundi ibikorwa byinshi by'ubwonko bigendana n'uburyo umubiri ugerageza kubaho mu bushyuhe".

Mu gihe yacukumburaga mu byanditswe bya siyanse, yavumbuye indwara zitandukanye z'ubwonko zirushaho gukomera no kwiyongera iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, zirimo igicuri, gucika kw'udutsi two mu mutwe (stroke), encephalitis, migraine, n'izindi.

Yabonye kandi ko ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ikirere ku bwonko bwacu ubu zirimo kugenda zigaragara.

Urugero, mu 2003 ubwo inkubi y'ubushyuhe (heatwave) yibasiraga Uburayi, imfu z'inyongera ku rugero rwa 7% zari zifitanye isano n'indwara zo mu bwonko. Imibare nk'iyo yabonetse no mu nkubi y'ubushyuhe yibasiye Ubwongereza mu 2022.

Gusa ubushyuhe bushobora guhindura no mu bundi buryo uko ubwonko bwacu bukora – tukarushaho kugira urugomo, umujinya no kwiheba.

None rero mu gihe isi irushaho gushyuha kubera kubera ihindagurika ry'ikirere, ni iki twakwitega nk'ingaruka ku bwonko bwacu?

Ubwonko bw'umuntu, ku kigereranyo rusange, ni gacye cyane bushobora kurenza dogere celicius imwe (1C) ku gipimo umubiri wacu uba uriho.

Nyamara ubwonko – rumwe mu ngingo z'umubiri zikenera imbaraga (energy) nyinshi – ubwabwo bukora igipimo runaka cy'ubushyuhe iyo turimo gutekereza, kwibuka, no gusubiza ku bitubaho iruhande rwacu.

Ibyo bisobanuye ko umubiri wacu ugomba gukora cyane ngo uhe ubwonko ubuhehere. Amaraso atembera mu dutsi duto tw'ubwonko asohora ubushyuhe burengaho bigatuma ubwonko butarenza igipimo cy'ubushyuhe.

Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku bwonko kuko uturemangingo twabwo tuzahazwa bikomeye cyane n'ubushyuhe.

Ndetse imikorere y'ingingo fatizo z'ubwonko zitanga ubutumwa hagati yazo na zo byibazwa ko zikora bigendanye n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, bivuze ko zishobora guhagarara gukora neza iyo ubwonko bwacu bushyushye cyane cyangwa bukonje cyane.

Sanjay Sisodiya ati: "Kugeza ubu ntabwo turasobanukirwa neza uburyo ibice bitandukanye by'iyi shusho igoye kumenya neza bigirwaho ingaruka. Ariko twibaza ko ari nk'isaha, aho ibice byayo byose bigomba kujyana no gukorana neza".

Mu gihe ubushyuhe bukabije buhindura uburyo ubwonko bwa buri wese bukora – ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka, urugero, ku gufata ibyemezo, n'abantu bagakora ibintu biteye akaga kurushaho. Abasanzwe bafite indwara zo mu bwonko bo bagirwaho ingaruka kurushaho.

Sanjay agira ati: "Kuringaniza igipimo cy'ubushyuhe ni igikorwa cy'ubwonko kandi gishobora kugira kirogoya iyo ibice bimwe by'ubwonko bidakora neza." Ibi bishobora gutuma ubwonko buva ku gipimo cy'ubushyuhe bukwiye kuba buriho.

Hejuru y'ibyo, imiti imwe yifashishwa mu gutuma ubwonko buguma ku gipimo cy'ubushyuhe gikwiriye isiga abayifata bageramiwe no gucika kw'udutsi two mu mutwe kubera ubushyuhe, ibizwi mu buvuzi nka 'hyperthermia'.

Ubushyuhe bukabije – n'amajoro ashyushye cyane – bigira ingaruka ku gusinzira n'ibyiyumvo byacu, gusa ibi bikaba bibi kurushaho ku bantu bafite uburwayi bwo mu bwonko nk'igicuri na 'seizures'.

Ibimenyetso byerekana kandi ko kwakira abantu mu bitaro hamwe n'imibare y'abapfa basanzwe bagira uburwayi bwo kwibagirwa (dementia) yiyongera mu bihe by'inkubi z'ubushyuhe.

Kimwe mu bisobanura ibi gishobora kuba kuba ari uko abantu bakuze umubiri wabo ugenda unanirwa kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije.

Kwiyongera kw'ubushyuhe kandi guhuzwa no kwiyongera ko gucika kw'udutsi two mu mutwe (stroke) n'imfu zibikomokaho. Mu nyigo imwe yasesenguye amakuru (data) y'imfu ziva kuri 'stroke' mu bihugu 25, abashakashatsi basanze mu mfu 1,000 zivuye kuri 'stroke' iminsi ishyushye yarabigizemo uruhare kuri 2%.

"Ibbo bishobora kumvikana nk'umubare muto, ariko ushingiye ku kuba ku isi haba imfu zibarirwa kuri za miliyoni za 'stroke' buri mwaka ubushyuhe bushobora kuba butera izirenga 10,000 ku mwaka", ni ibivugwa na Bethan Davies umuganga w'inzobere mu kuvura abantu bakuze muri University Hospitals Sussex mu Bwongereza.

Bethan hamwe n'abakoranye na we ubwo bushakashatsi baburira ko ihindagurika ry'ikirere rishobora kuzatuma ibi byiyongera mu myaka iri imbere.

Bethan avuga ko igipimo cya 'stroke' gishobora kwiyongera no mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bisanzwe bigeramiwe n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ikirere kandi ko ibi bihugu ubu biri kubona kwiyongera kwa 'stroke' kurusha mu myaka yashize.

Ibimenyetso bigenda byiyongera byerekana ko abantu bakuze hamwe n'abafite ibibazo by'ubukene bafite ibyago byo kwicwa n'indwara zifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe.

Ingaruka ku bana n'abataravuka

Isi ishyushye kurushaho irimo no kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ubwonko bw'abana.

Jane Hirst inzobere mu buzima bw'abagore muri Imperial College London mu Bwongereza agira ati: "Hari ihuriro hagati y'ubushyuhe bukabije n'ibibazo mu gutwita, no kubyara mbere y'igihe".

Ubushakashatsi bwa vuba bwerekanye ko ubushyuhe bukabije buhuzwa na 26% by'inda zavutse igihe kitageze, ibishobora gutera ibibazo by'imikurire y'ubwonko bw'abana ndetse n'indwara z'ubwonko kuri bo.

Jane Hirst ati: "Gusa, hari byinshi tutaramenya. Ni ba nde bageramiwe cyane kandi kubera iki? Kuko mu by'ukuri hari miliyoni 130 z'abagore babyara buri mwaka, benshi mu bihugu bishyuha, ariko bamwe ibyo bikababaho abandi ntibibabeho".

Ubushyuhe bukabije kandi bukora ku rubibi rukingira ubwonko, ibi bigatera ibyago by'uko ubumara (toxins), bacteria, na za virus bishobora kubwinjiramo.

Uku kwiyongera kw'ubushyuhe kandi gushobora gutera impungenge kurushaho kubera kwiyongera kw'imibu ikwirakwiza za virus zishobora gutera indwara z'ubwonko, nka Zika, chikungunya na 'dengue'. Indwara zigenda zirushaho kugaragaza ubukana bwazo muri iyi myaka.

Ubushyuhe bukabije bugira ingaruka ku bantu mu buryo butandukanye – bamwe babasha kubaho nta kibazo muri bwo abandi ntibabashe kubwihanganira.

Sanjay avuga ko "hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera iryo iryo tandukaniro, kandi imwe muri yo ari imiterere abantu bakomora ku babyeyi".

Yongeraho ati: "Ibyo turimo kubona uyu munsi ku bafite uburwayi bwo mu bwonko bishobora kugira icyo bivuze ku badafite ibyo bibazo uko ihindagurika ry'ikirere rigenda ryiyongera".

Haracyari ibibazo bitarabonerwa ibisubizo, urugero; ese ni igipimo cyo hejuru cyane cy'ubushyuhe? Ni igihe se ubushyuhe bumara? Cyangwa se ni ubushyuhe bwa nijoro bugira ingaruka mbi kurushaho? Ingaruka kandi ziba zitandukanye ku bwonko bwa buri muntu.

Ubwo ukwezi kwa Nyakanga(7) kwa 2023 kwemezaga nk'ukwezi kwashyushye cyane mu mateka y'isi, Antonio Guterres, Umunyamabanga mukuru wa ONU/UN yagize ati: "Igihe cyo gushuha kw'isi cyarangiye, igihe cyo kubira kiratangiye."

Ihindagurika ry'ikirere ni ukuri kandi ririmo kwiyongera. Igihe cy'ubwonko bushyushye nibwo kigitangira.