Menya ingene uru rugomero runini cane rwabaye inyanduruko y'ikibazo kinini c'umuyagankuba muri Zambia

Nubwo ifise uruzi runini rwa Zambezi n’urugomero runini rw'umuyagankuba rwa Kariba, Zambia muri kino gihe ihanganye n'icikagurika ry'amatara ritagira urugero.

Iki kibazo kirakomeye ku buryo ibisagara mu gihugu cose rimwe na rimwe bikena umuyagankuba nk'imisi itatu ikurikirana, aho bisigaye ari itombora ku banyagihugu iyo amatara aje nk'isaha canke amasaha abiri.

Icikagurika ry'amatara riratangaje ku banyagihugu ba Zambia bangana na 43% basanzwe bakoresha umuyagankuba kandi bari basanzwe bawufata nk'ikintu gisanzwe kigize ubuzima bwabo.

Ariko ubushuhe bw'umurengera bwibonekeje inyuma y'imyaka mirongo - butewe n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere rizwi nka El Niño - bwarishe ubushobozi bwa Zambia bwo kwimbura umuyagankuba.

Muri kino gihe, rimwe na rimwe ndakunze kuja mu bubare canke mu mazu y'uburiro kugira mbonane n'abantu - atari abatariko baranywa canke barafungura - ahubwo bagiye gushira umuriro mu materefone yabo, mu muhindo mwinshi w'amamoteri.

Hari kandi n'urudandazwa ruriko ruratera imbere rw'abantu binjiza amafaranga mu gushira umuriro mu materefone y'abantu batagira umuyagankuba.

Umuyagankuba wa Zambia gushika kuri 84% ni uwuturuka ku mazi y'ibiyaga n'inzuzi, mu gihe 13% wonyene ari wo uva mu bizuku.

Umuyagankuba uva ku zuba n'amazutu wo ni muto cane kurusha, ushika kuri 3%.

Mu mayinga atari make, ikibazo carakomeye gusumba mu gihe isoko ntanganguvu ryonyene ritanga umuriro w'ibizuku, Maamba Energy, ritariko rirakora ku rugero rwaryo rwose kubera ryari mu bikorwa vya misi yose vy'isanurwa.

Ejo ku wa gatatu, niho abanyagihugu bagiye baronka inkuru nziza aho umushikiranganji w'amasoko ntanganguvu Makozo Chikote yavuze ko iki kigo ubu gikora, bikazotuma abanya Zambia bashobora kuronka umuyagankuba amasaha nibura atatu ku musi.

Mu kwa kabiri, Perezida Hakainde Hichilema yaratangaje ko uruzuba ari akaga mu gihugu, ariko reta yarananiwe no gutorera umuti ikibazo c'umuyagankuba kubera Zambia ahanini igendera ku rugomero rwa Kariba mu kuronka umuyagankuba.

Ikibazo c'amafaranga naco nyene catumye reta idashobora kugura umuyagankuba iwukuye hanze kubera abawugurisha bashaka kurihwa imbere, nubwo umuvugizi w'ikigo ca reta kijejwe amasoko ntanganguvu Zesco, Matongo Maumbi, yabwiye ikiganiro ca BBC, Focus on Africa, ko hari umuyagankuba wariko winjira mu gihugu uvuye muri Mozambike na Afrika y'Epfo mu kugerageza kugabanya ubukana bw'iki kibazo, cane cane mu gisata c'ugucukura ubutare - igisata nyamukuru c'ivyo Zambia ishora hanze no mu kwinjiriza ico gihugu amafaranga mvamakungu.

Uru rugomero rwa Kariba rwubatswe mu myaka ya 1950 ku ruzi Zambezi rugira kane mu burebure muri Afrika, kandi nico kigega c'amazi akoreshwa mu ruganda ntanganguvu rwa mbere runini mu gihugu, ruzwi nka Kariba North Bank Power Station. Urundi ruganda rwo ku yindi nkombe ruha umuyagankuba Zimbabwe.

Ariko kubera uruzuba rwatumye ibice bimwe bimwe vy'uruzi bikama, (umuhora umwe wonyene niwo ukora kuri itandatu iri kuri urwo rugomero) turbine imwe yonyene muri zitandatu ziri kuri uru rugombero rwa Zambia niyo igikora, nayo igatanga ibice 7% vyonyene vya megawati 1080 zategerezwa gutangwa n'urugomero rwa Kariba.

Uru rugomero rwegeranya amazi ya Zambezi rukoresheje uruhome ruhese rufise uburebure bw'imetero 128 mu maduga, imetero 579 m mu burebure hamwe n'intimbatimba y'imetero 21.

Enjeniyeri Cephas Museba - amaze imyaka 19 akora mw'ishirahamwe rya reta rijejwe umuyagankuba Zesco - avuga ko atari bwigere abona amazi y'urugomero rwa Kariba yagabanutse ku rugero ariko ubu.

Agira ati: “Nibaza ko imvura yacitse mu kwa kabiri. Mu bisanzwe yategerezwa kugwa gushika mu kwa kane. Tugereranije no muri kahise k'uru rugomero, uru ni rwo rugero rwa mbere ruto dushitseko".

Ibi vyatumye haba iki kibazo c'umuyagankuba gihanze abadandaza n'imiryango.

Amakompanyi amwe amwe asigaye akora amasaha make, kandi akagabanya abakozi.

Bishobora no kugorana kuronka umukate - abakora imikate basigaye bakora mike kubera kuguma bakije amamoteri bizimvye cane.

Gusa, reta yarazanye amamoteri manini cane mu masoko amwe amwe, mu biro vya reta bimwe bimwe hamwe no mu bitaro bimwe bimwe, nubwo hari amakuru abandanya azunguruka ku mbuga hwaniro avuga ingene abarwayi b'amafyigo batorohewe.

Hari abarwayi bategerezwa kuba bari ku mashini zibafasha kuyungurura amaraso mu mubiri (dialyse) gushika ku masaha atatu ku musi, ariko umuyagankuba umara hafi isaha imwe canke amasaha abiri, rimwe na rimwe inyuma y'isaha zitandatu z'ijoro.

Mu bindi bihe, harashobora guhera n'amasaha 72 ata muyagankuba ubonetse.

Muri iyo misi, biba ngombwa ko bukeye nambara impuzu mba niriwe nambaye, aho kwambara agahuzu kameshe kandi kagoroye.

Ubuzima bwabaye ikibazo ngorabahizi kuri bose.

Umusi umwe naravyutse nakirwa n'umunuko mubi cane mu gihe amaraso yariko aratemba ava musi ya firigo (frigot/fridge).

Inyama zose twari twaguze zari zapfuye bica biba ngombwa ko tuziha imbwa. Ni yo yonyene mu muryango iriko irungukira muri ubu bukene bwumuyagankuba.

Bukeye bwaho, nagiye kugura imfungurwa mw'isoko, ariko maze kuzipfundurura ku meza ngo ndazihereze, nasanze zamaze kuba ibindi vyo kurya vy'imbwa yacu.

Ikibazo c'amafaranga agenewe imfungurwa, mu gihe cari gisanzwe gikomeye kubera ubuzima bwazimvye, ubu kirakomeye gusumba. Ubu nta muntu asuma ku bwinshi ibintu vyo kumaza imisi kubera bica bibora.

Reta ihimiriza imihana n'abadandaji gukoresha umuyagankuba uva ku zuba, kandi yarakuyeho amakori ku bikoresho vyo gukwega umuyagankuba w'izuba kugira ngo bishobore kuzimbuka.

Ariko bamwe mu banyagihugu bavuga ko ivyuma bikwega imishwarara y'izuba bidatanga umuyagankuba ukwiye iyo umuco w'izuba ari muke - kandi nta buryo bafise bwo gushinga ibindi vyuma. Benshi mu banya-Zambia nta buryo bafise bwo kugura ibi vyuma bikweya imishwarara y'izuba.

Ubu, imiryango myinshi yitabaza imbabura zikoresha gaze (gas) mu guteka no gushusha amazi - ariko rero amaduka arakehanirwa na gaze kubera abayirondera ari benshi cane.

Rero baca bikora ku makara mu gushusha amazi no guteka kubera ata kundi bari bugire kandi ari yo azimbutse -nubwo na vyo bifise ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije no ku kirere.

Ikibazo c'umuyagankuba kandi kiragira ingaruka ku binogo vy'amazi vyimbwe n'imiryango ibayabaye mu mihana yabo.

Kubera ibinogo vy'amazi bikoresha umuyagankuba n'amapompo akoresha izuba, ubu usanga imihana myinshi itagira amazi, n'ayo gutunganya n'utuzu twa surwumwe.

Mu mashure amwe amwe, abana basabwa kwitwaza amalitiro atanu y'amazi mu ntumbero yo kwirinda ikibazo c'isuku rike - n'ingwara zituruka kw'isuku rike nka cholera yigeze gutera iki gihugu mu ntango z'uno mwaka.

Ubu, imiryango myinshi biba ngombwa ko iba ifise indobo n'ibindi vyombo vyuzuye amazi, mu cizere c'uko bizoyishikana ku gihe amatara azoba agarutse kugira ngo bashobore gusukura utuzu twa surwumwe.

Ibi vyose biratera uburakari abanya-Zambia. Bavuga ko icikagurika ry'umuyagankuba ryerekana ingene intwaro zagiye zikurikiranya zananiwe no kugira integuro za kazoza - ikintu intwaro ya Perezida Hichilema yiyemeje gukora ubu.

Maumbi avuga ko Zesco ubu iriko irarondera ayandi masoko ntanganguvu, harimwo n'imishwarara y'izuba, kugira ngo igabanye urugero rwo kugendera ku muyagankuba utangwa n'amazi gushika kuri 60%.

Ariko Zambia ntihanze amaso gusa amasoko ntanganguvu atonona ikirere yonyene - irikora no ku bizuku.

Muri Mukakaro (7), igisata kijejwe amasoko ntanganguvu caratanze uburenganzira bwo kwubaka ikigo c'ibizuku kigira kabiri c'igihugu .

Ni co kintu ca mbere gicafuye gusumba ibindi bintu ntanganguvu vyose vyimbwa mu kuzimu, kuko iyo gituriwe kirekura ivyuka bihumanya ikirere gusumba ibindi vyose, ariko reta ibona ko ata kundi iri bugire atari kubandanya n'uno mugambi kugira ngo muri kazoza ntizohave ihura n'ikibazo nk'iki.