Intambara ya Sudani: Ukwomora ubwoko vyarakozwe muri Darfur, niko Ubwongereza buvuga

BBC yaronse ibindi vyemezo ku bwicanyi bw’agahomerabunwa bushingiye ku bwoko bwihaye inkumbi mu burengero bwa Sudani kuva intambara zadutse mu kwa kane hagati y’imirwi ibiri ya gisirikare ihanganye. Umwihwezo ku masanamu y’ibigendajuru n’imbuga hwaniro werekana ko ibigwati nibura 68 vyo muri Darfur vyaturiwe n’imirwi y’abarwanyi kuva ino ntambara yo hagati mu gihugu yadutse.

Umushikiranganji w’Ubwongereza ajejwe Afrika, Andrew Mitchell, yabwiye BBC ko ibi “vyerekana ibimenyetso vyose vy’ukwomora ubwoko”. Ni bwo bwa mbere reta y’Ubwongereza ikoresheje iri jambo mu kuvuga ibiriko bibera muri Sudani.

Jenerali Abdel Fattah al-Burhan arongoye uruhande rumwe muri ino ntambara – umuhari uzwi nka Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) – yabwiye BBC ko azokorana na Sentare Mpuzamakungu Mpanavyaha (CPI/ICC) mu gushengeza ababikoze.

Ubukozi bw’ikibi hafi bwose bushingiye ku moko bwagirizwa abarwanyi bagize – canke bafitaniye isano na - Rapid Support Forces (RSF), umurwi wa gisirikare urwanya igisirikare ca Sudani, SAF, urondera kwigarurira igihugu.

RSF ibandanya ihakana ko ata ruhara ifise muri ubu bukozi bw’ikibi muri iyo ntara, igasaba ko haba amatohoza mpuzamakungu yigenga.

Uno mwihwezo wakozwe na Centre for Information Resilience (CIR), ikigo c’ubushakashatsi gihabwa imfashanyo y’amafaranga n’Ubwongereza, cegeranya amakuru aca ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi ku vyerekeye intambara yo muri Sudani.

CIR itohoza gute?

CIR ikoresha ubuhinga bwa Nasa bwo kwihweza ubushuhe mu kwiga imiriro. Iraraba amasanamu y’ibigendajuru kugira ibone umwotsi n’amazu yaturiwe. Ica ihuza ibi vyose n’amasanamu yafatiwe ku butaka ari ku mbuga hwaniro.

Imiriro ya nyuma yahinyujwe yari iyo mu kigwati citwa Amarjadeed, mu bumanuko bwa Darfur, aho ubuhinga bwa NASA bwo kwiga amasanamu bwerekana imiyonga hagati y’uwa 18 Nyakanga (9) n’uwa 09 Gitugutu (10).

Uku ni ko ikigo CIR cashoboye kubona ingene umurwi umwe w’abarwanyi waturiye ibigwati nibura icenda ku musi umwe, ku wa 18 Myandagaro (8).

Ubwa mbere cakoresheje ubuhinga bwa NASA bwo kwiga ubushuhe mu gushobora kumenya aho iyo miriro yabereye.

Hanyuma cakoresheje amasanamu y’ibigendajuru mu kumenya nimba hari imwe muri ino imiriro ifitaniye isano n’ibibanza bibamwo abanyagihugu.

CIR yihweje amanasamu yo ku mbuga hwaniro ava mu burengero bwa Sudani yerekana abarwanyi baturira ibigwati, basahura intete, amateveviziyo n’amamodoka.

Yumvirije ivyavugwa n’abarwanyi – yongera yihweza imyambaro yabo – kugira imenye abo ari bo. Udutambara twera bamwe mu barwanyi bari bambaye twerekana ko bari mu muhari Bani Halba Arab ufitaniye isano na RSF.

Amasanamu yo ku mbuga hwaniro yashoboye kumenyekana aho yafatiwe, agahuza ivyerekanywe n'imisozi n'amazu umuntu ashobora kubona.

Ibi vyose vyerekanye ko bavyutse baturira ikigwati ca Buro, imbere yo kuja mu buraruko gukora nk’ivyo nyene mu kigwati ca Awstani, hanyuma mu buseruko mu bindi bigwati.

"Urugero rw’ivyo twashoboye kwegeranya rurarengeye cane ivyo twari tumaze kubona imbere y’aho”, bivugwa na Ben Strick ajejwe amatohoza muri CIR.

"Twabonye imiriro 89 yasambuye ibigwati 68 kuva ku wa 15 Ndamukiza (4), iki kikaba ari igitigiri kinini cane. Hamwe hamwe haturiwe utuzu duto duto. Ariko ahandi, ibigwati vyose vyararimutse. Ibi bintu birakomeye iyo twiyumviriye ingaruka bigira ku basivire.

"Ivyo turiko turabona, ni urukurikirane rw’ihohotera, urukurikirane rw’ibigwati biriko biraturirwa, kimwe ku kindi, cane cane i Darfur, ari naho turiko turabona bumwe mu bukozi bw’ikibi bukomeye cane hanze ya Khartoum".

Ni bande bahohotera abandi?

Rimwe na rimwe, ibi biri mu bigize indyane hagati y’imirwi y’Abarabu idacana uwaka, hanyuma ikindi gihe bakaba abarwanyi b’Abarabu batera abatari Abarabu, nk’aba-Massalit, ubwoko bunini gusumba ayandi moko yose mu karere burwiriye ku murwa mukuru wa Darfur y’Uburengero, El Geneina.

Amin Yakubu n’umuryango bataye urwabo muri Darfur igihe abarwanyi b’Abarabu batera.

"Twari hamwe mu gitondo i muhira iwanje, tuvuye mu musigiti, niho twaza twumva igisasu giterwa na rokete gituritse. Umugenzi wanje yaturitse izosi, aca arapfa”.

Yaciye ku biziga ahunga, gushika ubu akaba atazi iyo umuryango wiwe uri. Yavuganye na BBC ari mw’ikambi y’impunzi mu buseruko bwa Tchad, aho yashoboye gushika mu kwezi guheze.

Avuga ati: "Iyi ntambara yahavuye iba iy’ubwoko. Ariko bose yabagizeko ingaruka ku rugero rumwe. Nta n’umwe aryama mw’ijoro”.

"Bose barara baryamye hasi ijoro ryose kubera intambara y’inkoho. Ubu nta n’umwe asigaye mu gisagara cacu gito. Ku vyo nzi nta n’umwe asigayeyo”.

Ibiba bisa n'ivyakozwe n'aba-Janjaweed...

Mu myaka 20 iheze, ibihumbi amajana n’amajana vy’abanyagihugu barishwe i Darfur mu ntambara hagati y’imirwi y’inyeshamba zitari Abarabu n’umurwi w’abarwanyi uzwi nka Janjaweed, wahavuye ukura ukitwa RSF. Bamwe mu bategetsi b’aba-Janjaweed eka mbere n’uwari umukuru w’igihugu ico gihe, Omar al-Bashir, baragirijwe na CPI/ICC (Sentare Mpuzamakungu Mpanavyaha) ivyaha vy‘ihonyabwoko n’ivyaha vyo guhonyanga agateka ka muntu, ivyo bose bahakana.

Hari ubwoba ko amabi nk’aya ariko arakorwa muri iyo ntara ku yindi ncuro, ku mvo nk’izo nyene z’ubudasa hagati y’amoko.

Mitchell ati: "Ibiriko birabera muri Darfur ni uko abanyagihugu bariko baraterwa n’abarwanyi, cane cane ba RSF. Bariko baraturatuzwa mu mazu yabo bagaca bicwa, abagore baraterwa bagafatwa ku nguvu, amazu agaturirwa, ivyimburwa n’ubworozi bigasenywa.

"Ibi vyose vyerekana ko hari itsembabwoko. Kandi tiriko rigenda nk’uko ryagenze kuva mu 2003 no kubandanya. Ririko rigenda nk’uko nyene uno musi, kandi mbere mu bugome burenze”.

Eka n’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU riratewe impungenge.

Clementine Nkweta-Salami, arongoye igisata kijejwe ubutabazi muri ONU, avuga ati: "Mu gihe intambara ziriko zirakwirakwira, turiko turaronka amakuru y’uko ibikorwa vy’ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina biriko biriyongera, co kimwe n’ababurwa irengero, ipfungwa ridakurikije amategeko hamwe n’ihonyangwa rikomeye ry’agateka ka zina muntu n’ak’abana”.

Intumbero y’aba bashakashatsi b’Abongereza mu kigo CIR ni ukwegeranya ivyemezo bishobora umusi umwe gutuma abakora ayo mahano bashengezwa. Urubuga ngurukanabumenyi rwabo rusanzwe ruriko ivyo batoye, ruzokwama rushirwako amakuru buri gihe.

Mu kiganiro giheruka i New York, Jenerali Burhan yabwiye BBC ko azoshigikira uwo ari we wese canke ishirahamwe iryo ari ryo ryose rizofasha gushengeza mu butungane abo yise “izi nkozi z’ikibi”.

Ati: "Twumva dufise inshingano ku Banyasudani aho bari hose, haba muri Darfur, i Khartoum canke aho ari ho hose bahurira n’ibi vyaha vyavuzwe”.

"Turipfuza gukorana na bose, mbere na Sentare Mpuzamakungu Mpanavyaha. Turashobora gukorana mu kwerekana aba bakora ibi vyaha”.

Abantu nibura 7.000 baramaze kwicwa kuva iyi ntambara yadutse.

Ishirahamwe ONU rivuga ko abantu barenga imiriyoni zitanu bakuwe mu vyabo, benshi bakaba bahungiye hanze ya Sudani. Rivuga kandi ko hafi ica kabiri cose c’abanyagihugu, ni ukuvuga imiriyoni 24 z’abantu, bakeneye imfashanyo.

Hari ubwoba ko intambara ishobora gutandukira ibihugu bibanyi igatuma haduka indyane mu karere kose. Hari amakenga ko ibindi bihugu vyo hanze bishobora kwivanga muri ino ntambara, mu gihe hari amakuru avuga ko Emira Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu ziha ibirwanisho RSF, ivyo abategetsi b’ico gihugu bahakana.