Icaha co mu ntambara ni iki, none Putin arashobora gukurikiranwa kuri Ukraine?

Prezida wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky yavuze ko igitero ku bitaro vy'abana n'ivyo kuvyariramwo ari "icaha co mu ntambara".

Bishobora kutabonwa gutyo, ariko "n'intambara irafise amategeko", nk'uko Comite International de la Croix Rouge, CICR/ICRC, ibivuga.

Ayo mategeko ari mu masezerano atandukanye yitwa Conventions de Geneve hamwe n'ayandi mategeko n'amasezerano mpuzamakungu atandukanye.

Icaha co mu ntambara ni iki?

Abanyagihugu basanzwe (Civil) ntibashora guterwa n'ibigirankana - co kimwe n'inyubakwa canke ikindi cose gishobora kubakingira guhitanwa n'intambara.

Ibigwanisho bimwe bimwe birabujijwe kuko bidatoranya canke kubera amagorwa menshi cane bitera - harimwo nk'ibisasu vy'imitego yo hasi (mine antipersonnel) hamwe n'ibigwanisho vy'ubumara (armes chimiques canke biologiques).

Abarwaye canke abakomeretse bategerezwa kwitabwaho - harimwo n'abasirikare bakomeretse, bafise uburenganzira nk'abasirikare bagizwe imbohe zo mu ntamnbara.

Ayandi mategeko abuza iyica-rubozo n'ihonyabwoko (genocide) - kurondera guhonya n'ibigirankana umugwi runaka w'abantu.

Amabi ahambaye mu gihe c'intambara nko kugandagura, gusambanya ku nguvu, canke kuburabuza ikivunga umugwi w'abantu bizwi nk'"ivyaha bikorewe zina kiremwa muntu."

Ni ibihe bimaze kuvugwa ko bishobora kuba ari ivyaha vyo mu ntambara muri Ukraine ?

Ukraine yavuze ko igitero ku bitaro vy'abana no kuvyariramwo muri Mariupol ari "icaha co mu ntambara". Abantu batatu barimwo umwana barishwe abandi 17 barimwo abakozi n'abarwaye barakomereka.

Haranavuzwe ko ingabo z'Uburusiya zatose abanya-Ukraine basanzwe bariko barahunga.

Hari ibimenyetso biguma bigaragara ko 'cluster bombs' - bombe ziturika zikarekura izindi bombe nyinshi nto nto - zatewe mu turere tw'abanyagihugu basanzwe muri Kharkiv.

Uburusiya na Ukraine vyompi nta na kimwe cemeje amategeko abuza ikoreshwa ry'ivyo bigwanisho kw'isi, ariko ivyo ntakibuza ko bishobora gufatwa nk'ivyaha vyo mu ntambara.

Abakekwako ivyaha bakurikiranwa gute?

Igihugu cose gifise inshingano zo gutohoza ibiketswe ko ari ivyaha vyo mu ntambara. Ibihugu bimwe birabikora cane kurusha ibindi.

Abakekwako ivyaha bashobora gukurikiranwa gute?

Haragiye haraba sentare z'igihe kuva mu ngwano ya kabiri y'isi - harimwo sentare y'ivyaha vyo mu ntambara vyakozwe inyuma y'isambuka ry'icahoze ari Yugoslavia.

Harashinzwe kandi sentare yo gukurikirana bamwe mu bagirizwa ivyaha vyo muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda aho intagondwa z'abahutu zishe abantu barenga 800.000 mu minsi ijana mu 1994.

Ubu sentare mpuzamakungu mpanavyaha (CPI/ICC) na sentare mpuzamakungu y'ubutungane (CIJ/ICJ) zifise inshingano zo kwubahiriza amategeko y'intambara.

Sentare mpuzamakungu y'ubutungane CIJ

Iyo sentare ica imanza zijanye n'amatati hagati y'ibihugu, ariko ntishobora gucira imanza abantu. Ukraine yaratanguje urubanza muri sentare ku gitero c'Uburusiya.

Hamwe CIJ yoca urubanza ruhamya icaha Uburusiya, igikorwa co gushira mu ngiro urwo rubanza coca cegukira inama ya ONU ijejwe umutekano.

Ariko Uburusiya - kimwe mu bihugu bitanu bifise intebe ihoraho muri iyo nama - bushobora gutora kwanka integuro yose yoza ibufatira ibihano.

Sentare mpuzamakungu mpanavyaha CPI

CPI/ICC itohoza ku bantu kandi igakurikirana ivyaha vyo mu ntmabara vyakozwe n'abantu kanaka batari imbere ya sentare zicira imanza ibihugu.

Ni sentare y'ubu kandi yasubiriye Nurebmberg, yakurikiranye abategetsi bakuru bakuru b'aba Nazi bari bakiriho mu 1945.

Nuremberg yashimangiye iciyumviro ngenderwako ko ibihugu bishobora kwumvikana gushinga sentare idasanzwe yo kwubahiria amategeko mpuzamakungu.

CPI irashobora gukurikirana amabi yakozwe muri Ukraine?

Umushikirizamanza mukuru wa CPI, umunyamategeko w'umwongereza Karim Khan QC, avuga ko hari ifatiro rifadika ryo kwibaza ko ivyaha vyo mu ntambatra vyakozwe muri Ukraine - kandi ko afise uruhusha rw'ibihugu 39 rwo gukora amatohoza.

Abakora amatohoza bazoraba ivyavuzwe kera n'ibivugwa ubu - usubiye inyuma gushika mu 2013, imbere y'uko Uburusiya bwigarurira Crimee buyikuye kuri Ukraine.

Habonetse ibimenyetso ku bantu, umushikirizamanza azoca asaba abacamanza ba CPI gusohora imitahe yo kurondeza no gufata abo bantu kugira bazanwe imbere y'ubucamanza - zoca zibera i La Haye (The Hague).

Aha niho hagaragarira aho ubushobozi bw'iyo sentare bugarukira.

Iyo sentare nta giporisi cayo bwite ifise. Izera ku bihugu kugira abaronderwa bafatwe.

Ariko Uburusiya ntibukiri muri iyi sentare. Bwayivuyemwo mu 2016. Prezida Putin nta n'umwe mu baronderwa azorungika i La Haye.

Hamwe uwonderwa yoja mu kindi gihugu, ashobora gufatwa, ariko ni 'hamwe' nyene.

Prezida Putin n'abandi bategetsi bashobora gukurikiranwa?

Biroroshe gusumba kwagiriza icaha co mu ntambara umusirikare yagikoze kuruta abategetsi bamutegetse kurasa.

Ariko CPI ishobora gukurikirana icaha co "gushoboza intambara y'agasotoro". Iki ni icaha c'igitero canke ingwano kitagira canke itagira imvo yumvikana, birenze igikorwa ca girikare cumvikana co kwivuna.

Hari iyindi nzira ihari yo gukurikirana abantu ku giti cabo?

Kugira CPI igire ico ishitseko - n'ingene amategeko mpuzamakungu aja mu ngiro - ntibiva mu masezerano gusa, biva no kuri poritike hawe n'imigenderanire.

Abahinga benshi bavuga ko nk'uko vyagenze kuri Nuremberg, inyishu ihagaze cane cane ku migenderanire n'umwumvikano mpuzamakungu.