Ihindagurika ry'ikirere: Ibintu bine wakora kugira ngo ugabanye uruhare rwawe mu guhumanya ikirere

Kubonera igisubizo ikibazo cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere bizasaba ko abayobozi b'isi bafata ingamba ku rwego rw'isi.

Ariko umuntu ku giti cye na we afite uruhare mu gusohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Dore ibintu bine wakora kugira ngo ugabanye uruhare rwawe:

1. Gumisha umwuka ushyushye mu nzu yawe

Ababa mu bihugu bikonja hari ibintu byinshi bashobora gukora mu gushyushya inzu zabo birimo gukoresha imashini ishushya inzu ikoresheje umwuka ushushye ivanye hanze (heat pump) cyangwa kugabanya urugero rw'ubushyuhe ushaka mu nzu yawe. Ibyo byose n'ibindi bishobora gufasha isi.

Dr Neil Jennings, umwarimu muri Imperial College London, agira ati: "Kureka imashini ikoresha umwuka wa gaz mu gushyushya inzu maze ugahitamo imashini ishyusha inzu ikoresheje umwuka ushyushye ivanye hanze (heat pump) harimo ikinyuranyo kinini cyane".

"Buri munsi kuzimya amatara n'ibindi byuma bikoresha amashanyarazi [umuyagankuba mu Kirundi] mu gihe bitarimo gukoreshwa bishobora gutuma dutanga amafaranga make ku muriro no kugabanya uruhare rwacu mu kongera ibyuka bihumanya ikirere."

Inkuta, ibisenge n'amadirishya by'amazu bishobora kwongerwaho ibintu byatuma ubushyuhe budasohoka mu nzu vuba vuba mu gihe cy'ubukonje.

Gutuma umwuka ushyushye udasohoka mu nzu n'umwuka ukonje ntiwinjire mu nzu ni bumwe mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukoresha umuriro muke, nkuko byemezwa n'ikigo kitwa Energy Saving Trust. Ibi bikorwa umuntu afunga utwenge umwuka ushyushye unyuramo usohoka maze n'umwuka ukonje ukatunyuramo winjira mu nzu. Utwo twenge udusanga ku madirishya no ku nzugi no ku mbaho ziri aho inkuta zitangirira.

Energy Saving Trust, ivuga ko ibyo byatuma amafaranga urugo rumwe rutanga ku mashanyarazi mu Bwongereza agabanukaho £25 ku mwaka.

Kugura umuriro n'ikigo gikoresha umuriro uva ku bintu bidashira nabyo bishobora gutuma urugo rugabanya cyane ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biruturukaho.

2. Gabanya ibiryo ujugunya unagabanye inyama zitukura

14% by'imyuka yose ihumanya ikirere iva ku matungo, myinshi muri yo ikaba iva ku nka.

Icyoroshye gukora kandi cyagira icyo kigeraho mu kugabanya uruhare rwawe mu guhumanya ikirere ni ukugabanya inyama n'amata mu mafunguro yawe, cyane cyane inyama zitukura nk'izituruka ku ntama n'inka.

Iyi rero birumvikana ko ari inkuru nziza ku basanzwe barahisemo kutarya inyama - ariko hari ibindi bitagomba kwirengagizwa.

Prof Margaret Gill wo muri kaminuza ya Aberdeen agira ati: "Ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo kuvuga ngo iki kiribwa ni cyiza cyangwa se ni kibi."

Avuga ko ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bituruka ku kiribwa iki n'iki biba bishingiye ku kuntu cyatunganyijwe, aho gituruka, cyangwa niba kijyanye n'igihe gisanzwe kereraho.

Dr Jonathan Foley, ukora ubushakashatsi ku bisubizo by'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, avuga ko ushobora gukoresha amafaranga make kandi ukagabanya ibiryo bipfa ubusa mu gihe waba utegura amagaburo (amafunguro) matoya kandi ibiryo bisigaye ukabibika kugira ngo wongere kubirya mu nyuma mu rugo.

Ku isi hagati ya 25% na 30% by'ibiryo bipfa ubusa nkuko bivugwa na gahunda ku bintu bipfa ubusa yitwa Waste & Resources Action Programme.

3. Twara imodoka gake, fata indege gakeya

Gutwara abantu n'ibintu ni nyirabayazana ya hafi kimwe cya kane cy'ibyuka byangiza ikirere bya carbon dioxide ku isi yose.

Dr Jennings avuga ko kubaho nta modoka ari cyo kintu cyagira ingaruka cyane twakora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biterwa no gutwara abantu n'ibintu.

Ariko rero kureka imodoka ntabwo byashobokera buri wese, cyane cyane niba utuye mu gace kadafite serivisi nziza zo gutwara abagenzi cyangwa se ugakora akazi ka nijoro igihe izo serivisi zidakora.

Hari ibintu bito bito twakora kandi bikagira icyo byafasha, nko kugenda n'amaguru ugiye mu maduka yaho utuye cyangwa se wowe n'inshuti zawe cyangwa abaturanyi mugakoresha imodoka imwe.

Imodoka zikoresha gusa amashanyarazi zirimo kugenda ziyongera ariko ziracyahenze. Kandi byagabanya mu by'ukuri rwose ibyuka byangiza ikirere mu gihe amashanyarazi akoreshejwe mu gutuma imodoka igenda yaba avuye ku bintu bidashira nk'umuyaga n'imirasire y'izuba. Mu 2020 mu Bwongereza amasoko y'ingufu z'umuriro asohora ibyuka bike cyane byangiza ikirere yari ku rugero rwa 58% by'amashanyarazi yose mu gihugu harimo n'aturuka ku ngufu za nucléaire.

Ikibabaje ku bantu bakunda gutembera, ni uko gufata indege ari kimwe mu bintu bisohora ibyuka byinshi bihumanya ikirere abantu bashobora gukora ku giti cyabo.

Ingendo z'indege imbere mu gihugu ni zo zivamo ibyuka byinshi byanduza ikirere kuri kilometero imwe buri muntu.

Ingendo za gari ya moshi zo ziri hasi y'ingendo z'indege imbere mu gihugu ho kimwe cya gatanu nubwo bwose zishobora kuba zihenze cyane. Kugura itike hakiri kare bishobora kugabanya igiciro.

Dr Jennings avuga ko ku bantu bakunda gufata ingendo z'indege, ngo bazigabanyije byatuma bagabanya ibyuka byangiza ikirere biva ku mibereho yabo.

4. Tekereza mbere yo kugura

Bitwara litiro 3781 z'amazi kugira ngo ipantalo imwe ya jeans ikorwe nkuko bivugwa n'umugambi wa ONU/UN ku bidukikije, iyo urebye ipamba rikoreshwa, kuyikora mu ruganda, kuyitwara no kuyoza.

Ushobora kugabanya uruhare rwawe mu kwangiza ikirere, usana ahantu hatoya hacitse ku myenda yawe aho kuyisimbuza indi, kuyitanga cyangwa kuyijugunya maze ugahitamo imyenda ihenze ukeka ko izaramba.

Hari umubare ukomeje kugenda wiyongera w'ibigo bifite imyenda yo gukodesha, ibi nabyo bifasha mu kugabanya imyenda ipfa ubusa mu bari mu rwego rw'imideli. Ushobora kandi kugerageza kugura imyenda ya sekeni (second hand).

Guhitamo neza imashini zikoreshwa mu rugo nabyo bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Dr Jennings avuga ko wagerageza kugura imashini zikoresha umuriro muke nk'igihe waba ukeneye kugura imashini nshya imesa.