The meaning of life, the universe and all that

Certainly a great many more scientists seem to be spending a lot more time - and money - investigating the fundamental nature of the universe than ever before.
But this massive collective global effort does seem to be making fewer, and less earth-shattering, discoveries.
In order to see this content you need to have both Javascript enabled and Flash installed. Visit BBC Webwise for full instructions. If you're reading via RSS, you'll need to visit the blog to access this content.
Or it could be, as the physicist Russell Stannard argues in The End of Discovery, that we're approaching the boundaries of the knowable.
"I'm not saying that applied science is going to come to an end. There will always be applications of scientific knowledge. But the gaining of new knowledge about the fundamental laws of nature, that must come to and end".
The key to Stannard's argument is not - as has been claimed before - that science will soon reveal everything there is to know.
Rather that we are approaching the boundaries of what it's possible for our brains (fashioned in the struggle for survival on the African plains) to comprehend; that many of the outstanding questions, like the nature of consciousness or free will, may not be open to empirical analysis; and that it is simply not practical to go on building ever larger and more powerful machines like the Large Hadron Collider at Cern to answer the most fundamental questions about the nature of the universe.
That's bad news for Steven Hawking, whose preferred candidate for the unified theory of everything - M Theory - would require a particle accelerator the size of a galaxy to confirm.
According to Russell Stannard, many of the most profound questions about the universe - why it is the way it is - are destined to remain unanswered.
But the Astronomer Royal and President of the Royal Society, Lord Rees, is not so pessimistic. Speaking on the programme this morning he suggested we might find new ways of asking the same questions.
"It's like saying, in the 17th century when the microscope was invented, that we can't go on building bigger and bigger magnifying glasses. Clearly we've developed quite different techniques to examine the structure of things".
One area where Russell Stannard and Lord Rees do agree however, is on the aspects of reality our brains might be capable of understanding.
"Just as a monkey probably doesn't worry about how it evolved, there may be some problems which we simply aren't able to conceive."

I'm Tom Feilden and I'm the science correspondent on the Today programme. This is where we can talk about the scientific issues we're covering on the programme.
Comment number 1.
At 12:17 23rd Sep 2010, Emile Henry wrote:It's always good to see scientists coming over all Kantian, setting themselves limits to their reasoning (although one does have to ask exactly how grounded in experience any theory that requires a super-collider the size of a galaxy to disprove is - does it still count as science?). But what usually happens is that we (humanity) sets up artificial limits - 'thus far and no further; nobody can prove Fermat's Last Theorem' etc, etc - and then some clever bugger has a new idea, changes the game, opens up a whole new field. The whole paradigm shifts, the unanswerable gets an answer.
And as for the 'why the universe is the way it is' questions, I would suggest that they're not unanswerable, but rather just very badly stated - along the lines of questions such as 'why do magpies look like magpies?' or 'why is blue blue?'
Complain about this comment (Comment number 1)
Comment number 2.
At 14:21 23rd Sep 2010, John Ralphs wrote:BBC/ Radio 4/ Sept 23rd/Today/ 0830/ Interview with Lord Martin Rees
As happens so often with discussions on the future of science, Lord Rees completely missed the point. In 1604 Descartes suggested that there are two worlds, the Physical and the Mental. Study of the latter poses severe problems, so science is justified in limiting itself to study of the Physical (or ‘Real’) world. This eminently sensible suggestion was perverted by the atheist and materialist lobbies to an assumption that a non-physical or ‘spiritual’ world (in a non-religious sense) cannot exist, and so may be totally ignored – an attitude that has become scientific dogma.
As a result the tremendous body of solid evidence for paranormal events that has been accumulated over the last hundred years by organised bodies of serious and qualified workers such as the Society for Psychical Research has been – and is being - deliberately ignored. It can safely be claimed that the more vociferously a man denies the existence of the paranormal, the less he knows about it. Total ignorance is the first line of defence of the sceptic. A few years ago, Sir Brian Josephson, accepted as being the foremost physicist of the 20th Century, was loudly pilloried by academics for suggesting that study of quantum theory may lead to an explanation of ESP. His crime was not in his having this opinion, but in advertising to the general public that the problem exists.
As a professional scientist (retired) I am disgusted and ashamed of the blind bigotry and dishonesty (I cannot call it less) of the senior ranks of my profession. Physical research has worked itself into a blind alley of quantum theory, and no substantive progress will be made until the paranormal is seriously studied by physicists (and not by materialist-biased psychologists as at present).
John Ralphs
Ledbury
Herefordshire
Complain about this comment (Comment number 2)
Comment number 3.
At 10:24 8th Oct 2010, figurewizard wrote:To an amateur like me the paranormal, which at face value actually seems to play such in important role in quantum theory - (the anthropic principle and collapsing wave fuction for example) was long ago highjacked by most of the world's organised religions. Does this explains the distaste with which so many scientists view the prospect of causality beyond their ken?
Perhaps both sides should consider what Einstein meant when he said that; 'Science without religion is lame: Religion without science is blind.'
Complain about this comment (Comment number 3)
Comment number 4.
At 11:55 29th May 2011, Ron808 wrote:The meaning of life defined below
"Secret of mass" states all mass is life and indowed with gravity , it appears to unite gravity with T.O.E. Theory of everything , defined below.
Secret of mass
So what's the secret of mass?
I would like to introduce you to a driffent way to look at mass.
Science has traditionally looked at mass as stuff all the things you can see and touch.
Science has been content calling it mass and stuff and they have gotten results with this method, They discovered the elements and made the element table.
They discovered molecules and they discovered the atom, and then science went quantum into the subatomic, the world of Lepton, Quarks and Bosons forces, what are they looking for you ask?
They are looking for the elusive gravity particle. " graviton "
I believe the reason they can't find gravity is because of the way they look at mass.
Science has tried to unite gravity with mysterious higgs field since the seventies , and T.O.E. The Theory Of Everything , The electromagnetic and the electronuclear strong and weak force, NOTE: It appears secret of mass unites gravity with TOE !
Their next hope is string theory and super string theory, which is untestable.
Where did science go wrong?
We are taught mass is everything we see, the stuff our world and universe is made of.
Scientists have said we are made of the same thing the universe is made of, Stardust.
Scientists treat mass as an inanimate object, a particle to be smashed at will, the problem is rutherford, newton or Einstein never answered the most important question regarding mass.
What is mass? Is mass an inanimate object? Why does this matter?
Q. What is mass, well let's look at the universe, stars, planets, earth, mountains, trees, man, dogs, cats, mice, ants and bacteria.
Q. What do they all have in common? Mass, Gravity and Atoms.
So if the atoms and gravity are the common denominator then the question becomes what is the atom?, Is it an inanimate object, let's see .
Oxford dictionary defines , Atomic structure as : Structure of an atom being positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively "Orbiting" electrons.
Oxford dictionary defines , Life as : Energy, Liveliness , animation.
As you can see for your self the atom fits the definition for life and is an animate object.
So am I to conclude an atom is life? Yes to be exact an atom is the fundamental building block for all life in the universe and right here on earth.
There is no such thing as an inanimate object, all mass has life!
Atoms make up molecules, molecules make up elements and elements make up everything else everywhere else.
So if mass contains an atom it contains life.
So if all mass contains life , and all mass contains gravity , Then the rational conclusion is all life contains gravity.
So the origins of gravity is life.
The gravity disappears at the subatomic level, so where does it go?
It's not hiding in the subatomic particles as CERN and L.H.C. Large Hadron Collider has proven.
So where did gravity go?
It went in the same direction with life. So gravity is a manifestation of life. WOW!
Quote
An atom is life and endowed with gravity!
Ronald Alvarez
What this says is everything is alive, mass is the manifestation of life in the universe!
Complain about this comment (Comment number 4)