Sexuality, gender and wellbeing

What is sexuality?

Sexuality is the word used to describe the sexual feelings experienced towards other people.

It is perfectly normal for a person to be unclear about their sexuality.

Sexuality is deeply personal, and it can take time for a person to work out what’s right.

There are different types of sexuality.

These include the following terms:

	Definition
Heterosexual/straight	Attracted to people of the opposite sex.
Homosexual	Attracted to people of the same sex.
Gay	Attracted to people of the same sex. This term is used by both men and women.
Lesbian	Attracted to people of the same sex. This term refers specifically to women.
Bisexual	Attracted to both men and women. Some people prefer the term pansexual to indicate that they are attracted to different kinds of people, regardless of gender.
Asexual	Not sexually attracted to anyone.

There are other terms as well, but the label isn’t as important as exploring personal feelings and finding what feels comfortable.

A person might never settle on a label to describe their sexuality, and that’s okay.

They may even find that their sexuality changes over time.

How can sexual orientation and gender identity affect wellbeing?

Sexual orientation and gender identity can play a significant role in a young person's overall wellbeing, influencing their mental health, self-esteem, relationships and sense of belonging. These aspects of identity shape how individuals see themselves and interact with the world.

Mental and emotional wellbeing

Positive effects: when a young person feels accepted and supported, they are more likely to experience confidence, self-acceptance and emotional stability.

Challenges: if they face discrimination or rejection it can lead to stress, anxiety, depression, and lower self-esteem.

Social wellbeing and relationships

Supportive environment: having support from family, friends and school environments allows young people to express themselves freely and build healthy relationships.

Isolation and bullying: lack of support or bullying can lead to feelings of loneliness, withdrawal from social activities and difficulty forming trusting relationships.

Physical health

Healthy coping strategies: a strong support system can encourage positive coping mechanisms, such as engaging in hobbies, sports or talking to a trusted person.

Risk factors: stress from discrimination or rejection can lead to unhealthy coping behaviours, such as substance use or self-harm.

Academic and career impact

Thriving in a safe environment: when a young person feels safe and valued, they are more likely to focus on their education and future goals.

Barriers to success: experiencing discrimination or anxiety about identity-related issues can affect concentration, attendance, and motivation.

The importance of support

Family and friends: having a strong support system can significantly improve emotional resilience and wellbeing.

LGBTQ+ organisations and resources: access to supportive communities and counselling can help young people navigate challenges and develop a positive sense of identity.

Creating a supportive and inclusive environment fosters confidence, happiness, and personal growth, while rejection or discrimination can have lasting negative effects.

Information and support

If you, or someone you know, have been affected by issues for young people, the following organisations may be able to help.