Specialised animal cells
There are many different types of cells in animals. Each type is specialised to do a particular role. These ensure that the organism functions as a whole.
Type of animal cell
How it is adapted to carry out its function
Sperm
The head contains the genetic material for fertilisation in a A sex cell (gamete) that contains one set of chromosomes. nucleus. The acrosome in the head contains enzymes so that a sperm can penetrate an egg. The middle piece is packed with mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg. The tail enables the sperm to swim. Sperm are the smallest cells in the body and millions of them are made.
Egg cell
The cytoplasm contains nutrients for the growth of the early embryo. The haploid nucleus contains the genetic material for fertilisation. The cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter. Eggs are one of the biggest cells in the body and only a few are made.
Ciliated epithelial cell
Cilia on the surface beat to move fluids and particles up the trachea.
Learn more about specialised plant and animal cells with Dr Alex Lathbridge
Listen to the full series on BBC Sounds.
Dr Alex Lathbridge breaks down the key facts about specialised animal and plant cells.
