Practical questions
You will complete ten required practical activities if you are studying GCSE Biology and twenty-one if you are studying GCSE Combined Science. You could be asked questions about the methods, safety precautions you might take, results and conclusions of these experiments.
In this Homeostasis and response section there are two required practical activities:
- Required Practical Activity 7 - Plan and carry out an investigation into the effect of a factor on human reaction time.
- Required Practical Activity 8 (Biology only) - Investigate the effect of light or gravity on the growth of newly germinated seedlings.
There will be a number of different types of practical based questions. Some will be on the set required practicals, some will cover the working scientifically terms and some will be on other science practicals which you might have done in class. Use all the information given in the question particularly any diagrams to help you understand what the question is about.
This page contains AQA material which is reproduced by permission of AQA.
Sample question 1
Two students investigated reflex action times.
This is the method used.
- Student A sits with his elbow resting on the edge of a table.
- Student B holds a ruler with the bottom of the ruler level with the thumb of Student A.
- Student B drops the ruler.
- Student A catches the ruler and records the distance.
- Steps 1 to 4 are then repeated.
The same method was also used with Student A dropping the ruler and Student B catching the ruler.
The table shows the students' results.
| Test number | Student A | Student B |
| 1 | 9 cm | 12 cm |
| 2 | 2 cm | 13 cm |
| 3 | 6 cm | 13 cm |
| 4 | 7 cm | 9 cm |
| 5 | 7 cm | 8 cm |
| Mean | 7 cm | X |
| Test number | 1 |
|---|---|
| Student A | 9 cm |
| Student B | 12 cm |
| Test number | 2 |
|---|---|
| Student A | 2 cm |
| Student B | 13 cm |
| Test number | 3 |
|---|---|
| Student A | 6 cm |
| Student B | 13 cm |
| Test number | 4 |
|---|---|
| Student A | 7 cm |
| Student B | 9 cm |
| Test number | 5 |
|---|---|
| Student A | 7 cm |
| Student B | 8 cm |
| Test number | Mean |
|---|---|
| Student A | 7 cm |
| Student B | X |
Question
Circle the anomalous result in the table for Student A. [1 mark]
2 cm in test number 2
Question
What is the median result for Student B? [1 mark]
Tick one box.
| 8 cm | |
| 11 cm | |
| 12 cm | |
| 13 cm |
| 8 cm |
|---|
| 11 cm |
|---|
| 12 cm |
|---|
| 13 cm |
|---|
| 8 cm | |
| 11 cm | |
| 12 cm | ✔ |
| 13 cm |
| 8 cm |
|---|
| 11 cm |
|---|
| 12 cm |
|---|
| ✔ |
| 13 cm |
|---|
Question
Calculate the value of X from the table in Student B's column. [1 mark]
Mean distance ruler dropped =
\(\frac{(12+13+13+9+8)}{5} = 11\)
Question
What improvement could the students make to the method so the results are more valid? [1 mark]
Tick one box.
| Use alternate hands when catching the ruler | |
| Carry out more repeats | |
| Use a longer ruler for catching | |
| Use more than two students to collect results |
| Use alternate hands when catching the ruler |
|---|
| Carry out more repeats |
|---|
| Use a longer ruler for catching |
|---|
| Use more than two students to collect results |
|---|
| Use alternate hands when catching the ruler | |
| Carry out more repeats | ✔ |
| Use a longer ruler for catching | |
| Use more than two students to collect results |
| Use alternate hands when catching the ruler |
|---|
| Carry out more repeats |
|---|
| ✔ |
| Use a longer ruler for catching |
|---|
| Use more than two students to collect results |
|---|
Sample question 2
Gardeners sometimes use weedkillers to control the growth of plants.
A gardener wanted to get rid of daisy plants growing in a lawn. The gardener investigated the use of a weedkiller.
The gardener:
- recorded the number of daisy plants growing in different 10 m2 areas of the lawn
- made solutions of the weedkiller (each solution had a different concentration)
- put 5 dm3 of each solution on different 10 m2 areas of the lawn
- recorded the number of daisy plants growing in each area after 2 weeks
The gardener used arbitrary units to influence the concentration of water to weedkiller.
The table below shows the results of the number of daisy plants per 10 m2 before and two weeks after the weedkiller was used:
| Concentration | Before | 2 weeks after |
| 0 (water) | 8 | 8 |
| 20 | 6 | 8 |
| 40 | 9 | 6 |
| 60 | 5 | 2 |
| 80 | 4 | 0 |
| 100 | 8 | 0 |
| Concentration | 0 (water) |
|---|---|
| Before | 8 |
| 2 weeks after | 8 |
| Concentration | 20 |
|---|---|
| Before | 6 |
| 2 weeks after | 8 |
| Concentration | 40 |
|---|---|
| Before | 9 |
| 2 weeks after | 6 |
| Concentration | 60 |
|---|---|
| Before | 5 |
| 2 weeks after | 2 |
| Concentration | 80 |
|---|---|
| Before | 4 |
| 2 weeks after | 0 |
| Concentration | 100 |
|---|---|
| Before | 8 |
| 2 weeks after | 0 |
Question
To make the investigation fair, the gardener controlled some variables. Give one variable the gardener controlled in the investigation. [1 mark]
Any one from:
- the same type of weedkiller should be used
- the same volume such as 5 dm3 of solution should be used on each area being tested
- the effect of the weedkiller should only work on the daisies and not the other weeds or plants
- the same size of area should be tested, such as 10 m2
- the weedkiller should be used for the same amount of time or the effect should be checked after a fixed period such as two weeks
Question
The gardener decided that the result for a concentration of 20 arbitrary units of weedkiller was anomalous. Suggest why the gardener decided this result was anomalous. [1 mark]
More daisies grew after the first use of weedkiller, and after a period of two weeks. This was an unexpected result as weed killers should kill the daisies and not increase growth.
Sample question 3 - Foundation
Charles Darwin investigated tropisms in plants. Some students did an investigation similar to Darwin's investigation.
The students:
- grew seeds until short shoots had grown
- used black plastic to cover parts of some of the shoots
- put the shoots in light coming from one direction
- put boxes over the shoots to keep out other light
The diagrams show how the investigation was set up.
Two days later the students took off the black plastic covers and looked at the shoots.
The diagrams show the results.
Question
Give two variables that the students should control in the tropism investigation. [2 marks]
Tip - ensure you give different variables to achieve two marks. Remember only one variable should be changed at one time.
Any two control variables listed below: [1 mark each]
- the age or size of shoots should be carefully controlled
- the species or type of plant or seeds used in the investigation
- the light intensity should be controlled and remain constant
- any other named condition for example, temperature or volume of water used