Conditions can be varied and outcomes investigated.
Critical situations can be investigated without risk.
It is cost effective.
simulationThe artificial recreation of an event or activity, eg flight simulation software. can be sped up so behaviour can be studied easily over a long period of time.
Simulations can be slowed down to study behaviour more closely.
Disadvantages
It can be expensive to measure how one thing affects another, to take the initial measurements and to create the model itself (such as aerodynamic wind tunnels).
To simulate something, a thorough understanding is needed and an awareness of all the factors involved. Without this, a simulation cannot be created.