The Dhamma in BuddhismHuman destiny

Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) attained enlightenment but stayed on Earth to teach others. The Dhamma, the Buddha’s teachings, form the Buddhist outlook on the nature of existence, the human personality and human destiny.

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Human destiny

A Buddhist’s goal or destiny is to attain . A Buddha is someone who is awake, or . Buddhas combine perfect understanding with perfect love and compassion. The two main paths to Buddhahood are the path of the and the path of the . A third path is .

Bodhisattva (Mahayana)

The , or ‘great vehicle’, is the Bodhisattva path. A Bodhisattva has attained the , which are perfect morality, patience, energy, wisdom, meditation and generosity.

A Bodhisattva does not seek enlightenment for themselves. Instead, they seek the end of all other beings’ suffering. They willingly stay on Earth to assist others. The word in Sanskrit is a combination of ‘bodhi’, meaning ‘enlightenment’, and ‘sattva’, meaning ‘essence’. Therefore, a Bodhisattva is someone whose essence is enlightenment.

Arhat (Theravada)

Figure caption,
Arhat is believed to be achieved when a Theravada Buddhist is fully enlightened.

To follow the Arhat path, also called Arahant, is to seek perfect understanding and perfect calm in one’s own mind. An Arhat can see that pleasures merely distract them. An Arhat aims to cease craving and seeks total inner contentment, following the teachings of the Buddha.

The Arhat path is sometimes called the Hinayana, or ‘lesser vehicle’. However, as ‘lesser’ has negative connotations, the Arhat path is usually called , or ‘teachings of the elders’. The word comes from the Sanskrit ‘Arhat’ and the Pali word ‘arahant’, meaning a ‘perfected person’ or ‘one who is worthy’.

Pure Land

Pure Land Buddhists follow , also known as Amitabha Buddha. Amida, featured in the Mahayana texts, was a king who attained enlightenment. He gave up his kingdom to create a pure land – a land free from suffering. This land, known as Sukhavati, or ‘land of bliss’, is a place where Pure Land Buddhists aim to be reborn. Those following this path read Amida Buddha’s teachings and focus on him as a role model. They also follow Buddhist teachings and practices with the aim of attaining Buddhahood.

Question

Which tradition follows the Bodhisattva path?