Environmental factors

An organism’s surroundings (abiotic and biotic factors) can influence its distribution.

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Wind speed
Wind speed is measured with an anemometer. It affects the rate of water loss by plants and therefore affects their survival rates in exposed areas.
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Water/soil moisture levels
Water/soil moisture levels are measured by finding the mass of a soil sample, drying the sample in an oven and reweighing. The difference in mass gives an indication of the percentage soil moisture. It affects the survival and therefore distribution of plants and animals.
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pH levels
pH levels are measured using a pH probe. It affects the survival and therefore distribution of plants. Most plants prefer neutral conditions but some will only grow in acidic or alkaline conditions.
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Light
Light is measured using a light meter. It affects the survival and therefore distribution of plants. All plants need light to photosynthesise but some can survive with less than others.
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Temperature
Temperature is measured with a thermometer. It affects the rate of cell reactions like photosynthesis and diffusion.