Powering systems
Batteries
The two main types of batteries that are commonly used are ‘single-use’ and ‘rechargeable’. The single-use batteries, sometimes referred to as primary types, are commonly Has a pH greater than 7 - an alkaline battery has an alkaline electrolyte of potassium hydroxide unlike previous batteries that used acidic electrolytes. batteries, and these are readily available in supermarkets and shops. Batteries supply Also called dc. An electric current that flows in one direction only.. Incorrect disposal of both rechargeable and single use batteries can lead to chemicals leaking into the environment eg water and soil.
| Type of battery | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Single-use | Convenient source of power | Expensive in the long term |
| Rechargeable | Can be recharged and are more economical in the long term (although more initially expensive to purchase than single-use batteries) | They can only be recharged a number of times before they lose battery life |
| Type of battery | Single-use |
|---|---|
| Advantages | Convenient source of power |
| Disadvantages | Expensive in the long term |
| Type of battery | Rechargeable |
|---|---|
| Advantages | Can be recharged and are more economical in the long term (although more initially expensive to purchase than single-use batteries) |
| Disadvantages | They can only be recharged a number of times before they lose battery life |
All batteries are available in a range of sizes and shapes - tiny batteries known as A small, flat, single-cell battery that is between 5 mm and 25 mm in diameter, giving it a shape like a button. power calculators and hearing aids, while very large batteries power cars and trucks.
Common forms of batteries used in homes are AA and AAA, and both typically produce around 1.5 volts (V) per battery. A larger PP3 battery, often used for smoke alarms and medical equipment, typically produces 9 volts (V) per battery.
Once a battery runs out it has to be replaced unless it is rechargeable, in which case it is connected to a mains power source to be recharged.
Batteries can be Used materials that have been reprocessed to make new materials. to prevent them ending up in Places where refuse is buried underground.. Batteries contain harmful chemicals and metals that are bad for the environment if disposed of incorrectly; these elements can contaminate the ground or poison the wildlife that may eat them.
Mains electricity
Mains electricity is supplied by the The network that connects all of the power stations in the country to make sure that everywhere has access to electricity. through the use of local power distribution stations. Mains electricity is supplied to homes, offices, factories and public buildings, including places like hospitals and fire stations. Unlike batteries, which deliver direct current (dc), mains power delivers Also called ac. An electric current that regularly changes its direction and size..
Electricity used in homes, eg through power sockets, enters at 230 volts (V) and is instantly available.
More guides on this topic
- New and emerging technologies - Edexcel
- Developments in modern materials - Edexcel
- Electronic systems - Edexcel
- Mechanical devices - Edexcel
- Material categories and properties - Edexcel
- Design contexts - Edexcel
- Environmental, social and economic challenges - Edexcel
- Investigating past work - Edexcel
- Design strategies - Edexcel
- Communication of ideas - Edexcel
