BondingDot and cross models

When a metal element reacts with a non-metal element an ionic compound is formed. When a non-metal element reacts with a non-metal element a covalent bond is formed.

Part ofChemistry (Single Science)Bonding, structure and properties

Dot and cross models

Dot and cross models show how a pair of form a . Notice that in the diagrams, only the electrons in the outer shell of each are shown.

Examples of dot and cross models

Table containing dot and cross models of hydrogen, chlorine, methane, water, hydrogen chloride, and ammonia.
Table containing dot and cross models of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethane.