A number of techniques are used to create 3D works such as sculptures or installations.

If you don't feel confident about working in 3D, try starting with a 2D image and build it up in layers to create a sense of form and depth.

Techniques

• Clay modelling – a kiln is required for traditional clay techniques. Air-drying clays are available, as well as a number of other modelling materials with similar properties.
• Wire modelling – this is like creating a 3D line drawing. This technique can be used to make an armature to work on top of with other materials, or leave the wire exposed to create a linear effect.
• Plaster casting – create forms by making clay moulds or by making casts of objects. The plaster casts can be sculpted or finished with sandpaper to make them smooth.
• Carving – a variety of materials can be carved, including wet clay and wood. There are some soft stone-like materials also available. Carving can be a tricky technique which requires practice.
• Using card – you could use card, grey board or even corrugated card from old boxes.
• Papier mache – this is a low cost and versatile technique. Strips of paper are dipped in glue and applied to a mould (you need to cover the mould with petroleum jelly or cling film to ensure the material doesn’t stick to it). Alternatively, the paper can be applied over a wire, wood or card armature. Another technique involves making paper pulp and mixing it with glue. Many different finishes can be applied once it is dry.
• Bas-relief – this is a technique where 3D elements protrude from a 2D surface. Many different sculpting or casting techniques can be used to create a relief panel.
• Assemblage - use found objects, such as twigs, cocktail sticks, bottle tops, packaging, old pieces of machinery. Think about what their forms suggest when you are using them.