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Monday, 8 July, 2002, 10:46 GMT 11:46 UK
Photojournal: Birobidzhan
BBC News Online's Kate Goldberg travelled across Siberia to find out what remains of the Soviet Jewish homeland created by Joseph Stalin in 1934.

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The 5,000 mile journey from Moscow to Birobidzhan takes six days on the Trans-Siberian railway. The same journey took the first Jewish settlers more than a month.

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The Jewish Autonomous Region is bordered by the rivers Bira and Bidzah. The first settlers found a swampland - freezing cold in winter, and hot and rainy in summer.

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Through the grime of a train window, I saw the first clue to Birobidzhan's curious history: the station sign is in both Russian and Yiddish.

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At the construction museum, I met Fira Kofman, one of the oldest living residents. She came to Birobidzhan voluntarily in 1936. A devout Communist, she helped build many of the town's buildings with her own hands.

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Near where I stayed, I came across this single-storey wooden building, with an electric menorah on its roof. I later found out it was the synagogue. Only recently have people started attending services openly.

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But after 70 years of state atheism, religious knowledge is scant. Many people confuse elements of Christianity and Judaism, baking matzo and painting eggs for Passover.

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Birobidzhan's children, however, are eager to learn about Jewish tradition. Jews and non-Jews attend this Jewish Sunday school.

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The Jewish community centre runs several free canteens for Jewish pensioners. It is often the elderly who suffer most from Russia's economic turmoil.

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Adela Boltyansky spent World War II in a Nazi-occupied ghetto. All her family were killed; she came to Birobidzhan alone in 1947.

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People of all ages remember those who died in the Holocaust. They are also now beginning to learn about their own Jewish history.
See also:

08 Jul 02 | Europe
22 Apr 98 | ISRAEL TODAY
05 Feb 00 | From Our Own Correspondent
06 May 02 | Country profiles
Links to more Europe stories are at the foot of the page.


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