Universities are keen to recruit more students from overseas

The latest financial returns - for 2002-03 - show the income from students from outside the European Union was just over �1bn.

That was up from a total of �875m in the previous year.

The number of overseas students went up by 21%, from 152,625 to 184,685. There are no limits on the fees universities can charge them.

Some universities have said they intend taking more overseas students as a way of increasing their income.

No limits

That is in spite of government plans to introduce variable tuition fees for undergraduates in England of up to �3,000 from 2006.

Currently, fees for UK and EU undergraduates are fixed at 1,125 a year - although they are waived in Scotland, which has a postgraduate contribution scheme.

But non-EU students can be charged whatever universities decide the market will bear. Undergraduate fees of �7,000 - �9,000 a year are typical.

The financial returns, released by the Higher Education Statistics Agency, also show there was an increase of a third (34%) in fee income from part-time students, although the total involved was relatively small: �10.7m.

Fees are already variable for part-timers - and will continue to be paid upfront in England after 2006, when full-timers move to postgraduate repayments.

The data also show a 43% increase in income from grants made by research councils and other bodies in support of the training of research students, to more than �42.6m.