The Indian government has introduced a bill in parliament to force private universities admit fixed numbers of students from traditionally disadvantaged low castes and tribes. The government wants to amend the constitution which already obliges state-supported colleges reserve places for the country's poorest communities. This report from Mark Dummett:

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To change the law, the government needs to amend India's constitution, where protection of the so-called scheduled castes and tribes is enshrined. It needs a two-thirds majority to do so, but the main opposition BJP Party, says it won't support the bill unless colleges run by religious minorities like the Muslims, are also included. Some private colleges are also opposed, saying they fear a drop in standards if the law is changed.

Mark Dummett, BBC News, Delhi.

Listen to the words

to extend affirmative action
to make sure the positive plan also covers

hierarchical caste system
a system where people are divided into levels of importance

to reserve places
to make sure there are places available

traditionally discriminated against
habitually treated in a different, unfair way

impoverished tribal communities
economically poor social groups

low castes
groups of people who are poor and have little social importance

is enshrined
is preserved and protected so that people will remember and respect it

it won't support the bill
it will oppose the proposed law

run by
controlled, supervised by

fear a drop in standards
are afraid that the quality of learning will become worse, or that more students will fail

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