Rotherham missed two penalties in their first victory since New Year's Eve. Brett Pitman hit the post for the Cherries in the first half, before Martin Butler struck on 58 minutes, heading home unchallenged.
Lee Williamson added the second as he kept his nerve to slot home following a pass from Michael Keane.
Butler then pushed his penalty past the post on 82 minutes and in injury time Paul Hurst missed a second spot-kick when he struck the crossbar.
Rotherham: Montgomery, Worrell, Barker, Murdock, Hurst, Mullin, Williamson (McLaren 67), Keane, Quinn, Butler, Shaw (Robertson 75).
Subs Not Used: Cutler, Hoskins, Monkhouse.
Goals: Butler 58, Williamson 60.
Bournemouth: Stewart, Young, Hart, Cooper (Broadhurst 6), Purches, Tindall (Cooke 67), Browning, Rix, Fordyce (Rowe 78), Pitman, Hayter.
Subs Not Used: Moss, Coutts.
Booked: Broadhurst, Pitman, Hart.
Att: 4,498
Ref: A Bates (Staffordshire).