Andy Gray grabbed his fourth goal of the season to arrest Charlton's recent mini-slump as the visitors somehow beat Doncaster at the Keepmoat Stadium.
Alan Pardew's men entered the game on the back of two losses, but any nerves were settled when Gray's flick from Jon Fortune's free-kick crept into the net.
The goal was harsh on Doncaster, who came close through Lewis Guy and James Hayter as they pressed for a leveller.
However, Charlton proved indominatable at the back as they held on to win.
Doncaster Rovers manager Sean O'Driscoll: "We dominated everything apart from the scoreline.
"We'll take the positives from it, of which there were many, and we'll try to improve which is what we do every game.
"I thought we dominated possession, dominated most of the things in the game apart from putting the ball in the back of the net."
Charlton boss Alan Pardew: "They (Doncaster) do play a very fluid and beautiful game.
"We allowed them possession and tried to limit the damage in our final third, which I thought we did really well.
"They're going to beat a lot of teams - it was a tough game and I'm highly delighted with the result. It was a good way to bounce back."
Doncaster: Sullivan, O'Connor, Hird, Mills, Roberts, Coppinger, Stock, Wellens, Hayter (Byfield 72), Taylor (Elliott 78), Guy (Heffernan 90). Subs Not Used: Chambers, Van Nieuwstadt.
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