help - I help
helped - I helped
help - helps - helped - helping

do - don’t - does - didn’t
You don’t help - She won’t help.
I have been helping – We´ll help.
I have been helping - We’ll help.

SONG
Things can only get better, only get better, now I’ve found you
Things can only get better, only get better, only get better
Things can only get better, only get better, only get better

2.
Jednoduchý prítomný čas sa používa na vyjadrenie pravidelného alebo opakovaného deja:

My baby takes the morning train
He works from nine ‘til five and then
He takes another home again
To find me waiting for him

SONG
I wake up every morning
I stumble out of bed
Stretching and yawning
Another day ahead etc

3.
Jednoduchý prítomný čas sa používa na vyjadrenie myšlienok, ktoré platia vo všeobecnosti, alebo sa považujú za všeobecne pravdivé.

I’m no politician, I don’t claim to know the ins and outs of the manifestos and all of that - all I know in my heart of hearts is, like the average person will go with their gut instinct and want to believe in someone, to know what’s right for them as a country, that’s all I claim to know.

SONG
Stop right now, thank you very much.
I need somebody with the human touch.

4.
Prítomný priebehový čas: činnosť, ktorá prebieha práve v tejto chvíli.
Dancing in the moonlight

SONG
Everybody’s feeling warm and bright
It’s such a fine and natural sight
Everybody’s dancing in the moonlight

I – am - feeling I’m feeling

Everybody’s feeling warm and bright

Everybody - is - dancing Everybody’s dancing

Everybody’s dancing in the moonlight
I’m eating my cheese and tomato and pickle sandwich which is very nice.
I’m just generally looking round seeing what I can find, if there’s anything interesting or any news or good stories to read ] I’m just sending an email at the moment
I’m trying to find a birthday present for my mum. I just can’t decide what to get her.

5.
Jednoduchý prítomný čas: dej bežný, normálny, pravidelný, opakovaný.
Priebehový prítomný čas:dej práve teraz, v tomto momente.

WOMAN: Hi, I’m Jennifer, I don’t think we’ve met.
MAN: Good evening.
WOMAN: So, welcome to the party. What do you do?
MAN: I’m a policeman.
WOMAN: A policeman? Really? In plain clothes?
MAN: Yes, the people next door complained about the noise.
I’m here to ask you to turn it down!

WOMAN: Hello! Hello! Is anybody here? Hello!
MAN: Oh, hello.
WOMAN: I’m sorry, but what are you doing? Why are you down there on the floor?
Are you ill?
MAN: No, no, I’m sorry. I’m looking for my pen. It’s down here
somewhere.

What are you doing?
I’m looking for my pen.

I’m giving you a longing look.
Every day I write the book

SONG
I’m giving you a longing look,
Every day, every day, every day I write the book

6.
Jednoduchý prítomný čas: rozvrhy, programy, presne stanovený čas.

SMALL STATION TICKET OFFICE ATMOS
ASSISTANT There’s your ticket.
MAN Thank you. So what time does the next train leave?
ASSISTANT Let me see It leaves at 3.25 from platform 3.
MAN Platform 3. Thank you very much.

AIRPORT CHECK IN ATMOS
ASSISTANT Any luggage to check in?
WOMAN No, thank you.
ASSISTANT OK, here’s your boarding pass.
WOMAN And what time does the gate open?
ASSISTANT The gate opens at 9.15, boarding starts at 9.45.
WOMAN Thank you very much.

CINEMA FOYER ATMOS
WOMAN Can I have two tickets for Shrek, please?
ASSISTANT Shrek is in screen two. That’s £15, please.
WOMAN Oh and what time does the film start?
ASSISTANT 2.15.
WOMAN And how long does it last?
ASSISTANT Around ninety minutes.
WOMAN So it finishes at about 3.45?
ASSISTANT Yeah, I guess.

SONG
I think I’m gonna be sad, I think it’s today, yeah
The girl that’s driving me mad is going away
She’s got a ticket to ride etc

7.
Prítomný priebehový čas možno použiť aj na vyjadrenie budúcnosti:

Tomorrow George W Bush and Vladimir Putin are meeting in Moscow for their second day of talks.

Tomorrow George W Bush and Vladimir Putin are meeting in Moscow for their second day of talks.

Tomorrow.

George W Bush and Vladimir Putin are meeting.

They’re meeting tomorrow.
I’m leaving on Monday.
She’s going to the cinema this evening.
I am meeting I’m meeting
I’m meeting my boss at three o’clock tomorrow.
He’s leaving on that midnight train to Georgia.

8.
Prítomný priebehový čas od slovesa TO GO: plány do budúcnosti

I’m going to go to Bolivia this year for a voluntary project [in August for two and a bit months. I’m going to build extra rooms onto a community church [and paint and decorate them] with a team of eight people and we’re also going to teach English to the children over there [and work with the youth groups within the church..

I’m going to go

I’m going to build

We’re going to teach
I’m going

You’re going

He’s going]

I’m going to build
I’m going to go

She’s going to go
I’m not going to go

You aren’t going to go
Am I going to go?

Are you going to go
SONG
I’m gonna sit right down and write myself a letter
And make believe it came from you
I’m gonna write words oh so sweet
They’re gonna knock me off my feet
A lot of kisses on the bottom
I’ll be glad I got ‘em.

9.
Pomocné sloveso WILL: spontánny sľub.

My government’s main priorities for the forthcoming session will be reform in education, health, crime and welfare. My government will work with our partners to make sure that Europe has the most competitive knowledge based economy in the world
________________________________________________________

WOMAN 1 Bye!
MAN 1 Bye! I’ll call you on Tuesday!

CONTINUES…
MAN 2 I’ve got too much to do.
WOMAN 2 Don’t worry, I’ll help you.

WOMAN 3 Can I have the report some time soon?
MAN 3 Yes, of course. I’ll give it to you next week.

I’ll call you on Tuesday!
Don’t worry, I’ll help you.
I’ll give it to you next week

will

I will call you. - I’ll call you.

I will help you. - I’ll help you.

I will give it to you. - I’ll give it to you.

SONG
We will, we will rock you.
We will, we will rock you.

10.
Krátkodobá predpoveď: GOING TO
Dlhodobá predpoveď: WILL

Well, I’m sorry to say we’re going to see some really awful weather tomorrow. It’s going to be particularly bad in the south of the country with heavy rain and maybe even some snow over higher ground. But things will get better later in the week, when we’ll see some drier weather and maybe even some sunshine at the weekend. That’s all from me. Goodnight.

It’s going to be a bright, bright, sunshiny day.
SONG
I can see clearly now the rain has gone
I can see all obstacles in my way
I can see clearly now the rain has gone
It’s gonna be a bright, bright, sunshiny day

11.
Budúcnosť sa v angličtine vyjadruje rôznymi časmi, podľa toho, s akou pravdepodobnosťou sa udalosti udejú:

VOICE 1 We’re going to visit them in Cairo next year.
VOICE 2 Martin? Yes I’m seeing him at 6.00 tomorrow.
VOICE 3 The programme? It starts at 9.30.
VOICE 4 I don’t think she’ll come back.

SONG
No the riders will not stop us,
Cos the only love they’ll find is paradise

12.
Budúci priebehový čas: činnosť, ktorá bude prebiehať v konkrétnom čase v budúcnosti.

This time next week I’ll be lying on a beach in Greece.
This time next week, I’ll be at home and hopefully doing some work.
This time next year, I’ll be married and I’ll be Mrs White.

I will be doing will - be - doing

He will be sitting will - be -sitting

She will be lying will - be - lying
This time next week
Next year.
This time next month

SONG
Every breath you take
Every move you make
I’ll be watching you

13.
Predbudúci čas: dej, ktorý bude ukončený niekedy v budúcnosti.

BOSS ) What do you mean you haven’t finished it yet? You’ve spent weeks on this report.
EMPLOYEE Yeah, I know, sorry, but it’s been a busy time.
BOSS Well, when will you have finished it?
EMPLOYEE I think I’ll have written the first half by the day after tomorrow.
BOSS And the second half?
EMPLOYEE Well, I’ll have done all the research by the end of the week.
BOSS So, can I have the full report by next Wednesday?
EMPLOYEE Oh no, I’m sorry. I won’t have finished it by then. I’m going on
holiday on Saturday morning.
BOSS What?!

When will you have finished it?.
I will have done. I’ll have done all the research by the end of the week.
I won’t have finished. I won’t have finished it by then.

SONG
Don’t need this pressure on
Don’t need this pressure on

14.
Predbudúci priebehový čas: ako dlho bude dej prebiehať v istom bode v budúcnosti.

INTERVIEWER Well, it’s a fantastic building. How tall is it?
BUILDER 1 32 floors.
BUILDER 2 32 floors at the moment. But there’s more to come.
INTERVIEWER And how long have you been working on it?
BUILDER 1 Well, by the end of next month I’ll have been working here for
exactly two years.
BUILDER 2 Yeah, he’s a new boy. I was here at the start so by the time
it’s finished, I’ll have been doing this job for nearly three years.
INTERVIEWER Will you be sorry to move on to your next job?
BUILDER 2 Nuh. Tell the truth I’ve never like this building, have you Frank?
BUILDER 1 Nuh, not really.

I’ll have been working…

I’ll have been doing…
will - have - been - working. I’ll have been working.
: will - have - been - doing. I’ll have been doing
By the time it’s finished, I’ll have been doing this job for nearly three years.

SONG
I see the clouds that move across the sky
I see the wind that moves the clouds away
It moves the clouds over the building
I pick the building that I want to live in etc

15.
Jednoduchý minulý čas: minulý dej, ktorý sa už skončil.
We are today, a nation in Britain in a state of shock [in mourning, in grief that is so deeply painful for us] She was a wonderful and a warm human being, though her own life was often sadly touched by tragedy, she touched the lives of so many others in Britain and throughout the world with joy and with comfort.

I was - You were - She was…
touch – touched

SONG
You lived your life like a candle in the wind

Goodbye England’s Rose, may you ever grow in our hearts
You were the grace that placed yourself where lives were torn apart etc.

16.
Minulý čas nepravidelných slovies GIVE, PUT, BRING, WRITE, HAVE:

ELVIS I gave a letter to the postman

He put it in his sack

Bright and early next morning

He brought my letter back

She wrote upon it

Return to sender, address unknown

(FADE HERE FOR SHORTER VERSION)

No such number, no such zone

We had a quarrel, a lover’s spat.

I write I’m sorry but my letter keeps coming back.

Minulý čas pravidelných slovies:
The past simple.

walk – walked Yesterday I walked to work.

End – ended The film ended at six o’clock.
Zápor: I didn’t give a letter to the postman
Otázka: Did I give a letter to the postman?

17.
Minulý čas priebehový: dej v minulosti, ktorý trval určitý čas.
INTERVIEWER But your big break, of course, was the part of Hamlet at the National Theatre. Can you remember what it felt like when Sir Paul offered you the part?
ACTOR Oh yes I can. I can remember everything about that moment. I was
having breakfast when the phone rang. I picked it up and there was Sir Paul. [Well, I practically choked on my cornflakes.
INTERVIEWER And it completely changed your life, didn’t it?
ACTOR Oh yes. It did.] At the time we were living in a tiny flat and I was
earning very little - some weeks nothing at all. Hamlet changed everything for me. It was a wonderful opportunity.

I was having. I was having breakfast.
We were living. We were living in a tiny flat.

I was earning. I was earning very little.
SONG
You were working as a waitress in a cocktail bar
When I met you etc

18.
Predminulý čas: minulý dej, ktorý prebehol pred iným minulým dejom.

INTERVIEWER So, what was it like up there in the plane when they opened the doors?
WOMAN Oh, it was terrifying, you know, like really scary.
INTERVIEWER Had you ever done anything like this before?
WOMAN No way! I mean, I’d never done anything like this. Like, I’m scared
of heights, you know. I’d never even thought of it.
INTERVIEWER And had you had any training before the jump?
WOMAN Well, yeah, we’d had a couple of days with an instructor and we’d
learnt the basics.
INTERVIEWER So, would you do it again?
WOMAN No, I don’t think so. Once is enough.

Had you done. [Had you done anything like this before?]

I’d never done . [I’d never done anything like this before.]

I’d never thought. [I’d never even thought of it.]
I had. I’d. I’d never done. I’d never thought.
Had you done…? [Had you ever done anything like this before?]
Had you had…? [Had you had any training?]

SONG
Might as well jump etc

19.
Predminulý priebehový čas: keď hovoríme o nejakej minulej udalosti, ale chceme sa vrátiť k inej udalosti, ktorá sa stala ešte skôr a trvala istý čas.

ANCHOR: And we can now go to Birmingham where five men were arrested
this afternoon after an attempted robbery at a bank in the centre of
the city.
INTERVIEWER: Thank you, Patience. And with me is the Chief Inspector responsible
for this afternoon’s police operation.] So, with five arrests,
a successful conclusion?
POLICEMAN: Yes, we’re very pleased. [These were professional criminals intent on

a very serious robbery. It’s always good to stop a crime before it
happens.
INTERVIEWER: And you had known about the plans for this robbery for some time.
POLICEMAN: Oh yes, as I say,] these are professional criminals and they’d been
planning the robbery for several months. But we knew about it, so
we’d been watching them.
INTERVIEWER: And it was quite a spectacular police operation, wasn’t it?
POLICEMAN: Yes. We achieved an element of surprise. They certainly hadn’t been

expecting us to arrive by helicopter!] (FADE AND LOSE HERE)
INTERVIEWER: Well, thank you, Chief Inspector. This is Martha O¹Leary outside the

Fiveways Bank in central Birmingham.

They’d been planning…

We’ been watching…
had – been… had been

They had been planning. They’d been planning.

We had been watching. We’d been watching

SONG
I fought the law and the law won etc

20.
USED TO: dej, ktorý sa odohrával v minulosti po dlhšiu dobu, ale už sa skončil.

ASSISTANT Good morning. Can I help you?
MAN Yes, I’d like to buy an umbrella, please.
ASSISTANT Oh, I’m sorry. We don’t sell them.
MAN But I bought one here two or three months ago. CONTINUES
ASSISTANT Yes. We used to sell them, but we don’t any more. Sorry.
MAN Oh, I see.
ASSISTANT Why don’t you try the shop across the road?
MAN Thank you.

MAN: This used to be countryside. It’s all buildings and motorways now.
[WOMAN: Ronaldo? I think he used to play for Barcelona. He plays for Inter
Milan now though, doesn’t he?]
MAN: She used to live in Singapore, but then she moved: I don’t know
where she is now.
WOMAN: I used to work for the BBC, you know

Ronaldo? I think he used to play for Barcelona. He plays for Inter Milan now.

She used to live in Singapore, but then she moved. I don’t know where she is now.

I used to work for the BBC.
SONG
This used to be my playground.
This used to be my childhood dream
This used to be the place I ran to
Whenever I was in need of a friend
Why did it have to end?

21.

Minulý čas po IF v podminekových vetách.
Minulý čas pri vyjadrení zdvorilosti a rešpektu.

If I had a hammer, I’d hammer in the morning, I’d hammer in the evening,
All over this land.
I’d hammer out danger, I’d hammer out a warning,
I’d hammer out a love between my brother and my sisters,
All over this land, Oh, oh.
If you left now, you would be home before dark.
I wish… I wish I had a million pounds!
Did you want to speak to me now?
I wondered if I could speak to you this afternoon.
I thought you might like to speak to me now.
I was hoping we could have a chat before you leave.
I wondered if I could talk to you this afternoon
I was hoping we could have a chat before you leave

SONG
If I had a hammer, I’d hammer in the morning, I’d hammer in the evening,
All over this land.
I’d hammer out danger, I’d hammer out a warning,
I’d hammer out a love between my brother and my sisters,
All over this land, Oh, oh. Etc.

22.
Predprítomný čas: dej, ktorý sa začal v minulosti, a pokračuje až do chvíle, keď o ňom hovoríme.

I’ve led this party for four years...I’ve always considered it a great privilege and have actually enjoyed every single day. I believe strongly, passionately in everything that I’ve fought for but it’s also vital for leaders to listen and parties to change.

I have led… I’ve led this party for four years.
led. To lead - led – led.
I have considered - I’ve considered. I’ve always considered it a great privilege

SONG
There’ve been good times
There’ve been bad times
I’ve had my share of hard times.

23.
Predprítomný čas: udalosť, ktorá je v tomto momente už minulosťou, ale práve sa odohrala.

COMMENT My word. Marvellous passing shot. So, this is the big moment.
UMPIRE 40 - 15. Quiet, please.
COMMENT And so it’s two match points. And the atmosphere is electric.

COMMENT And that’s it! He’s done it! He’s served his fifteenth ace and
he’s won Wimbledon for the second time!

COMMENT: And this really is a high pressure penalty. The crowd holds

its breath as he steps up to take the kick. One, two paces and
the goalkeeper has saved it! He’s saved it! [Extraordinary scenes here at the Maracana. Extraordinary scenes.]

He has saved it. He’s saved it
I’ve just seen him. You’ve just missed her.

SONG
We’ve only just begun

24.
Minulý čas: ukončený dej v konkrétnom čase v minulosti.
Predprítomný čas: dej v minulosti v presne neurčenom čase.

Clare I’ve been to Europe and America but I’ve never been to South America.
Michelle I’ve been on holiday to France before and I really enjoyed it.
Abigail Do you know, I’ve never been to Africa and I’d really like to go.

I’ve never been to Africa.
Have you been to Africa?

Have you climbed Mount Everest?

Have you seen the Queen?
When did you go to Africa?
Did you climb Mount Everest last year?

Did you see the Queen when you were in England?

SONG
Have you seen your mother, baby
Standing in the shadows

25.
Predprítomný čas priebehový: dej, ktorý sa začal v minulosti a skončil sa iba pred chvíľou, alebo stale pokračuje.

DOCTOR Come in! ]
PATIENT Hello, doctor.
DOCTOR Good morning. I hope you haven’t been waiting long.
PATIENT Oh no. Just a few minutes actually.
DOCTOR So, how are you today?
PATIENT Well, I haven’t been feeling too well lately.
DOCTOR I see. Have you been taking the tablets?
PATIENT Well, sometimes.
DOCTOR What do you mean sometimes?
PATIENT Well, not every day, you know.
DOCTOR I’ve been telling you take those tablets for months. Don’t you
understand? If you don’t take them, you won’t get better.
PATIENT Yeah, sorry, doctor.

I have been - You have been - He has been.
Waiting - feeling
I hope you haven’t been waiting long.
I haven’t been feeling too well lately.
You have been waiting - I have been feeling
Have you been taking the tablets?
SONG
Doctor, doctor, can’t you see I’m burning, burning
Doctor, doctor, is this love I’m feeling

T H E E N D