Richmond was known as Riche Monte to the Normans, which translates as 'strong hill'. Today this hill is the site of one of England's oldest stone fortifications, Richmond Castle, which was built in the reign of William the Conqueror. The king gave Richmond and the surrounding land to his ally, Alain of Brittany as a reward for his part in the victory over King Harold. Work started in 1071 and, once complete, the castle stood as an imposing barrier to invaders from the north. The castle was built out of stone rather than wood, which was unusual for its time. Dramatically perched on a rocky promontory, the castle overlooks the River Swale and the market town of Richmond. Richmond Castle has two keeps or main towers including Scolland Hall, the oldest hall in England, named after a constable of the castle. The best preserved parts of the castle have walls which are 11 feet thick. | 
