The most important location for Pride and Prejudice is Longbourne. So many scenes were set there, both inside and out, that it had to be the first place the production crew concentrated on finding.
In the end they found a house in Wiltshire called Luckington Court. Luckily the owner was very welcoming because the house would be needed for ten weeks in total.
Lacock village nearby was chosen to be Meryton. This was only one of many TV and film appearances for Lacock, which has also starred in Moll Flanders, Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) and Harry Potter, amongst many others.
Pemberley was the next challenge. Jane Austen describes it as, "a large, handsome, stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills". The house had to be imposing and since it's supposed to be in Derbyshire, it had to look distinctively northern.
In the end, Lyme Park was chosen, but the crew could only use it for exterior shots. Nearby Sudbury Hall was used for the interiors.
Belton House in Lincolnshire was chosen to be Rosings. There was a church at Belton, but no parsonage, so The Old Rectory at Teigh in Leicestershire stood in for Hunsford Parsonage. Once Edgecote Hall was chosen to play Netherfield, then the main locations were all in place for filming to begin.