Extracting metals and equilibria

The reactivity series shows metals in order of reactivity. The reactivity of a metal can be worked out by studying its reactions. Iron and aluminium are extracted from their ores in different ways.

Chemical reactions are reversible and may reach a dynamic equilibrium. The direction of reversible reactions can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. Ammonia is made by the Haber process.

Understanding how to approach exam questions helps to boost exam performance. Question types will include multiple choice, structured, mathematical and practical questions.