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| Friday, 13 October, 2000, 11:11 GMT 12:11 UK What now for Yugoslavia? ![]() The regime of Slobodan Milosevic has collapsed. After a few hours of chaos and uncertainty on the streets of the capital, Belgrade, the opposition leader, Vojislav Kostunica, has declared himself the president of the country and Milosevic is in hiding. So what now for Yugoslavia? What should the new government do with Milosevic, an indicted war criminal? How can the country be rebuilt after years of sanctions? We discussed the dramatic events in Yugoslavia on Talking Point ON AIR. You can add your comments to the debate by e-mailing us. Select the link below to watch Talking Point On Air Read what you have said since the programme Your comments since the programme The Nato bombing has created the perfect environment for the World Bank and the IMF to move in and further indebt the country with loans dependant on "opening it up to the free market". This allows the big multinational companies to move in and drain Yugoslavia of all its resources. The best possible future for rebuilding Yugoslavia is with interest-free loans from Europe with the aim of integrating the Balkans into an expanded European Union (as long as that is what they want).
Sasa, YU Sanctions can be reapplied. Give this fledgling democracy every chance and lift all restrictions. When the nationalist Haider got power, sanctions were put on Austria. When the nationalist Kostunica gets power, sanctions are lifted on Yugoslavia. Talk about a double standard. Let the sanctions be lifted when Yugoslavia hands over its war criminals to the Hague otherwise what was the point of having Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina co-operate with the Tribunal? President Kostunica is only just starting to run the Serbian government. Although it is worth celebrating the demise of Milosevic, it is also worth remembering that, as yet, we know little about Kostunica. Surely the only sensible time to lift sanctions will be when Serbia is stable and President Kostunica has shown that he can lead the country with the compassion his predecessor lacked. Lifting the sanctions would still be much too premature; after all, V. Kostunica is another ardent Serbian nationalist who should prove what the West is praising him for. You must remember that Milosevic wasn't kicked out from power because he had been a tyrant, and had led Serbia through 4 wars, but because he had lost each of them. I agree, the Serbs may be tired of this kind of life, but rewarding them for what is still not clear. I remember how the citizens of Belgrade escorted with flowers their Army tanks on their devastating journey to Vukovar in 1991.These are still the same people.
Vladimir, San Diego, CA I just want to congratulate the western world, especially the United States and the CIA for bringing down a fascist state without any bloodshed of any Western soldiers. I know that Yugoslavia was a fascist state, with the worst criminal leading it. Milosevic was an unloved tyrant who destroyed a great nation and built a criminal empire amidst the corpses and ruins. For all that he has done, a lifetime in some Western jail at the discretion of the Hague Tribunal would be no fitting punishment.
Yevgeni, Moscow, Russia As an American with a Serbian wife, I've been watching the Balkan area and learning about Serbia with great enthusiasm. A hearty people with a rich history, I think this new chapter will be the most important ever in Serbian history. As smart as any, more resilient than most, the Serbian people will now thrive. Good Luck to the Yugoslav people on their new found freedom. You now truly have the ability to become a great nation! I think that the new government in place in Yugoslavia deserves the support of the international community and above all, its own people in and around Belgrade and the countryside including that of Montenegro. But in everything that the new government intends to do for rehabilitating the country, they must at all times take into consideration the desire of the Serbian people for a great change in their own community. It is time that we finally take our place in Europe, like we did long before Milosevic. I know that Europe will accept us.
Four items come to mind: 1) Kosovo - Should have the right to choose whether it remains within the Serbo-Yugoslavian state 2) Milosevic and co must stand trial in Den Haag - It's the Croatia-Bosnia-Herzegovinan-Balkan inheritance 3) Serious thought must be placed in restructuring all tools of governance to rid them of the pernicious influence of the Milosevic regime 4) Then there's the issue of socio-economic reconstruction Michael Sim, Brussels Belgium Is it that ethnic cleansing will not be tolerated by the international community? Until that confidence is given, the Kosovar Albanians will continue to view the recent events in Serbia with suspicion, indifference and offering no confidence for the future. It is disturbing to hear you entertaining the notion that it is up to Mr. Kostunica to turn Milosevic and his henchmen to The Hague tribunal. Mr. Kostunica co-authored a script called "Memorandum", published by the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences which spelled out goals for Milosevic to follow. It is up to the international community to see that Mr. Kostunica fulfils all the requirements established by them before Serbia can join the international community. Yugoslavia should be very careful that its new leader does not waive the right of its people to common justice. In South Africa the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was really a waiver commission: Tell your story and give up your claims against those who have harmed you. Slobodan, Radko and Radovan must stand trial in The Hague and not be subsumed into a new opposition. The diplomatic dilemma as I see it goes like this: can Mr. Kostunica deliver Milosevic to the Hague without eroding his own powerbase in Serbia? While on the other hand: can the West accept it if he doesn't? It seems we would have to maintain some sort of sanctions against a regime harbouring an indicted war criminal, while knowing this would equally erode the same power base, and perhaps the prospects for democracy in Yugoslavia.
Kebby Mainga, Zambia Though the fall of Mr Milosevic is desirable, I fear that Mr Kostunica will not necessarily be a wonderful alternative. In many ways, Mr Kostunica's policies are similar to those of Mr Milosevic. For example, both agree that the separatist ideals in Kosovo should be repressed. His major criticism of Mr Milosevic is not that Mr Milosevic resorted to military force to suppress them but more so that he failed to do so. I suggest that the West is viewing Mr Kostunica through rose-coloured glasses, and will receive a rude awakening within the next 12 months. Your comments during the programme Kostunica must make sure that Milosevic and his cronies don't try to stage a comeback with the help of vested interests. But we also have to thank Russia for staying out of the way during the last two-week's events and allowing the people of Yugoslavia to decide for themselves. Will the international community change it's stance on painful unresolved questions such as return of hundreds of thousands Serbian refugees to Kosovo and Metohija, Bosnia and Croatia and political solution in southern Serbian province without pressure for secession? I hope that President Voislav Kostunica makes this country a stable one. Removing Milosevic from power was the most important step towards democracy in Serbia. The Serbs must now show the strength to face the truth and punish those responsible for the 13 years of tragedy in the Balkans before they can call their society a democratic one.
Conrad, London, UK Will the international community change it's stance on painful unresolved questions such as return of hundreds of thousands Serbian refugees to Kosovo and Metohija, Bosnia and Croatia and political solution in southern Serbian province without pressure for secession? Congratulations! Serbia is finally free! Serbian's - take care of your country. No dictators anymore! Your comments before we went ON AIR I was inside the Parliament while it was on fire. I just had to see how does the heart of corruption burn. I was waiting for this moment 13 years. Power to the people!
While waiting hopefully for these crucial answers we are now celebrating the victory in the softest revolution against one of the hardest regimes and the inauguration of our new president we are so much proud of. Vesna Pilipovic, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia This was not a difficult mission, this was a mission impossible. Unarmed people against police, trying to take control of some key buildings without harming the police. Taking down this bloody regime and at the same time trying, if possible, to finish a job with no dead people on both sides...a very, very difficult situation and very bright, quick and honourable victory for Serbia... a historic day indeed! Freedom, Freedom. As a Kosovar living in a Belgrade suburb, I feel now as a free man. THANK you United Kingdom, America. I hope the West will support free Kosovo even with Kostunica in power. Me and my wife Jebachicasrba Shmhiu called our son Tony (guess why!?). Serbia is free. I just hope that the Europeans now see that Serbs are not evil. Free Serbia welcome to Europe.
It was about 5pm. The bells on St Marco`s church, located near our parliament and state television were ringing all time. This strong river of people was trying to liberate TV-Serbia, policemen were shooting, there was nerve gas everywere. But that didn't stop this brave people. We finally succeeded. Nobody died. We are free at last, this day is a happiest day in my hole life, I can't stop these tears of happiness, they are falling all day, and I like it. If it wasn't for the NATO bombing in Serbia, this would never happen today! Although the people of Kosova are sceptical about the Kostunica's attitude, I still hope that this is for the good of the Balkans and all the Ex-Yugoslavian countries. I hope that Serbian people will learn something from this; realise what they real borders are; and cut the roots of crime. Serbian people with Milosevic in power caused so much tragedy and unthinkable harm to the neighbouring countries that it will take time to recover, for all of us, and mostly for Serbia. But this could be the first step.
Congratulations to Serbian people! I hope they will move forward and will be big enough to admit the crimes that most of their fellow citizens did to thousand people in Kosovo, Bosnia and Croatia. Otherwise just by changing the biggest criminal in Europe doesn't do much without changing the way they act and the way they think. All the best. There are no comments. We are the proof that life exists after death! Hello. It is 6.50 A.M and sun is up. First sunrise in new, free, democratic, beautifull Serbia. We hope that this is it, that we won and that no one ever will live like we did in past 13 years. We've been on the streets all day and we've just got back home having witnessed one of the most moving days in our lives. The spirit amongst the people was amazing - united as one, determined to achieve their goal. We fought off tear gas, and then watched as first the parliament building was stormed and then as the state tv building was stormed. We watched as police came out, throwing down their batons and ripping off their badges, holding up three fingers - the Serbian people's salute. We watched as the army drove through the streets, sitting on top of their armoured personnel carriers, drinking beer, waving to the crowd, and shaking hands with passers-by.
Vladan, Novi Sad, YU We are FREE, at last. The feeling is great, but there is one thing that bothers me still. I am afraid that the West will give us the wrong kind of help again, as they did by bombing us, and start to impose new conditions for the lifting of sanctions. Please, do not do that, let us live normally. If we are guilty of anything, 10 years of suffering was enough. And God knows that we suffered. The most amazing thing is that tear gas which was constantly thrown into the crowd, didn't scare away us and without a fear we stood in a front line because of the awareness how the stakes are high. The streets of Belgrade tonight are full of people. We are witnessing a new dawn in Serbia. BELGRADE WILL NOT SLEEP TONIGHT. And PLEASE don't help us. We are sick and tired of you 'helping' us! Thank you very much. We are free now. Thank you Kostunica. I was born in Yugoslavia and I have lived there for 27 years. Four months ago I moved to the United States. For many years, since I was 18 years old boy, I was waiting for this moment of freedom. Now I am happy and sad because I am not on the streets of Belgrade. The sad Yugoslav story should be a warning for the people; what can happen to them if the wrong person gains power. After so many years of terror and pain, years of middle age, I hope and think there would be a renaissance in this part of Europe.
Sandra, Yugoslavia, Novi Sad I told you "Leave us alone" and Serbian people will resolve our "problem". Now it's done. Just remember, Serbian people will not forget your "help" by bombing us. I really hope that God will pay to you the same way. This is my new life, I am a new men,.. and now I am finally alive! Big thanks to all peoples in BELGRADE! My mother is Croat, my father is Serb, I spent almost all my life in Bosnia, graduated in Belgrade (by the way, Belgrade is still the only metropolis in this part of the world). I was in Bosnia 1992; I was in Belgrade last year when NATO bombed us on behalf of "Democracy, Human Rights and other Money dependent things". I must say that I fully support Kostunica because he is not planning to co-operate with the Hague Tribunal because that is political and not low institution. Also People from all over the city who came into the Belgrade is angry and thirsty. Many of them are tired. First in Kraljevo people punch their way through the police and went to Belgrade. But I think that people from Cacak started first and entered to the Parliament of Yugoslavia. There are people from Nis, Kragujevac, Arandjelovac. Demonstrators don't go away. They are here and don't go home until Milosevic goes away. There are many people hurt, around 15, and one girl is dead. People are in revolt and we have waited a long time. Regard from Yugoslavia This is my new life,.. I am a new man,... and now I am finally alive!!! Big thanks to all peoples in BELGRADE!!! It's unbelievable, though not unexpected that Mr Milosevic didn't get the message of the people by now. He should step down "in dignity", otherwise he's bound to join Ceaucescu. People are sick and tired of him and his like. We need a change and we need it now. It took real courage for the Serbian people to rid themselves of a much-hated tyrant, with all the instruments of power at his disposal. So first of all, the Serbs should be allowed their moment of triumph; And the West, which justifiably did everything in it's power to thwart a despot, deserves some credit too. Whether Kostunica is pro-West or not is secondary to the regaining of democracy. It will take Serbia some time to recover from its wilderness years, but the corner has finally been turned. Good Luck to the Yugoslav people on their new found freedom. You now truly have the ability to become a great nation!
Luke Goodseeker, N.Z. The end of Milosevic's reign of horror has happened in the very best way it could: by the decision and action of the Serbian people. But there is a note of caution. In a country so used to being subjects not citizens, to following orders from fear, rebuilding a strong civic society and accompanying free institutions will be a tough task and one not to complacent about. The people must take care not simply to assent to any ruler just because it is the alternative to Milosevic. As a career journalist I am delighted my Yugoslav colleagues are again able to practice their craft devoid of corruption and do their job in the context of their ethical code. This can only further the cause of democracy and freedom of the people. Could the West once do something for people in Serbia. I am sceptical. Give us please time to settle, give us time to show what this government is going to do, to show their face. Putting the pressure to hand over Milosevic now is wrong, dangerous and can provoke more unrest in Yugoslavia.
Samyak Sharma, Nepal I am very happy for the Serbs taking their destiny in their own hands and getting rid of one of their worst enemies. But we must not forget it was the Serbs themselves who put him into power and let him stay there for so many years. In spite of the comments expressed by many that we need to be cautious about Kostunica and his brand of nationalism, we should be clear that it only equates to strong patriotism and not oppressive majoritarianism. Given the precarious political status quo in the Balkans over the past 100 years, why is such patriotism considered to be either a surprise or to be condemned? I believe that justice was served. Democracy has reared its head and now has a voice in Yugoslavia. The people are to be applauded for standing up for what they believe in, for this is a god given right! Sometimes drastic measures are needed to secure the majority of the people's beliefs and in this case right to a productive life.
Neil Fellowes, Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom A wise man once said: You can fool a lot of people some of the time, but you can't fool the same people all the time. That's true. When a majority of a people in democratic elections have given the victory to one person, the looser can't pretend to be the winner. The people of Yugoslavia have chosen their leader as we in other democratic countries vote on our own leaders. Congratulation to the people of Yugoslavia for the democratic victory - you choosed freedom and you gain freedom. Don't let Mr. Milosevic get away with the crimes he did to Serbian people; send him to The Haque to be tried as others were. I read an article saying Mr. Milosevic should be tried in in Serbia. Forget it. The Serbian people have committed crimes under the leadership of Milosevic. Serbians in the last one and a half decade seemed to be quite ready to go and murder other nationalities and what is strange, be proud of it. They have been quite ready to murder and then masquerade as heroes. If Serbians won't get up, look in the mirror and be ready to make a step away from their moronic self-adoration, then they haven't done much more than swapping leader. Congratulations for getting rid of their pharaoh, but why did they need another eleven years after all the other East European countries..?
Rene von Rentzell, Germany What is (was) the substantial difference between S. Milosevic, F. Tudjman, A. Isetbegovic, and the worst of them Hasim Taci? Well, finally Milosevic is out of power, and the Serbian people can share the space of former Yugoslavia with their fellow peoples. I would like to ask the Albanians on this forum to stop pushing their agenda and if they truly want democracy join the rest of their country in celebration. Abandon the goals of an ethnically pure state as the Croats and Serbs already have. Why is Kostunica considered a nationalist? Is it because he stands up for his country and his people? Is it because he stands up to hard standards imposed by the West? Well what leader would not stand up for his nation? It is interesting how when a Briton sings "Rule Britannia, Britannia rules the World", those songs are considered to be patriotic, but when a Serbian demonstrator even waves a Serbian flag, it is considered to be "nationalistic".
It was great yesterday to see the Serbian people on the streets ousting the Milosevic regime yesterday, but they should have no faith in Kostinuca and his allies. It seems he has already lined up deals with the IMF to allow western multinationals to 'rebuild' Serbia. The role of the IMF is now well known and I fear that their intervention could bring as much, if not more, misery to the Serbian people than Milosevic or the NATO bombers. Today they have freedom, but at what cost? The Serbian workers should stay on the streets and form a workers government that can organise their society for need not profit.
I notice you refer to Milosevic as an "indicted war criminal". Of course he is, but so are Bill Clinton, Tony Blair and a host of other Nato leaders for whom you do not use that epithet. They have all been legally indicted by Belgrade District Court. As for what the new government should do with Milosevic, I think it should put him on trial and punish him for his crimes. It should certainly not hand him over to that kangaroo court in the Hague which refuses to charge the war criminals of Nato. It is the Serbian people who have the first claim of justice on Milosevic. Whilst rejoicing in the demise of a despotic demagogue overwhelmed by a popular uprising, I wonder why did it take so long to do something about it. If there is overwhelming opposition to the evil Milosevic perpetrated on Serbia where were the people when he was laying waste to Kosovo, Bosnia and Sarajevo. Is it because he is no longer a winner that the people turn against him? As to the bombing of Serbia I agree it was reprehensible. However I have yet to hear what else could have been done to stop the Serbs in Kosova. If NATO had not bombed could we have left the fate of the Kosovan Albanians to the care of the Serbs? Do me a favour! Perhaps NATO should have bombed in 1990 and saved us all a lot of trouble. The emerging leaders/new order has a responsibility to restore the rule of law and majority in their own country first. Secondly they owe a responsibility to the international community to bring the war criminals to justice without fear or favour. It is very important for the new leadership to establish their country's credibility in the eyes of the international community. Milosovic, Mladic and Karadic should be brought to justice, if the truth about the atrocities is told the people to Serbia will understand
Kudos to the Serbians for their massive uprising against the criminal dictator. Yugoslavia gets a new president now, a fresh start to democracy and friendship with the international community. A decade of terror will end now for the Balkans. And this should comparatively stabilise the situation there. Also, the coming together of Russia and the west is good development after last year's strong disagreements. Once again, best wishes to the liberated people of Serbia. Long Live Freedom! Congratulations to the Serbian people on this historic event. You have achieved what NATO failed to accomplish, and for that you deserve to hold your heads up high and be proud of yourselves. I only hope that Russia does not offer Milosevic a safe passage out of the country. Leave him holed up in his bunker where he belongs. We all know what happened to Hitler at the end of WW II when he was in exactly the same situation. Now the countries who ruthlessly bombed Yugoslavia should do all out effort to maintain democracy and help building the country. Congratulations to the Serbians for rising up and taking back their own destiny. If more nations had your courage, there would be greater freedom across the world! But you simply MUST do to secure the victory: 1) Win the army over 2) Find and capture Milosevic before he can cause any more trouble. I wish you all the best in your new freedom and look forwards to seeing a new Serbia, strong yet ant peace with both itself and the world.
I am extremely happy that Milosevic is gone but no one really knows what this new leader will be like. It is important that we all remain vigilant and that the people of Serbia do not hesitate in doing to Kostunica, what they have done to Milosevic. Hopefully, the Russians will guarantee order in Serbia, perhaps through a small force - Russians are rather welcome in Serbia, especially after the Kosovo crisis - until democratic control is fully established and secured. My thought for all the people of Yugoslavia is this: make a cast-iron resolution today to put behind you the hatred of others you have built up over much of your lives. I know your hatred is based on genuine reasons, such as terrible things that have happened to your family, friends and neighbours, but there will never again be such an opportunity to put this behind you. If you don't take the opportunity, all of the suffering will be for nothing.
If the UN or the NATO countries expect a dramatic change they are in for a rude awakening. Vojislav Kostunica comes from the same stock as Milosevic. He harbours the same nationalist and racist attitudes which sadly so, reflect the general attitude of most Serbs. The only reason he is looked upon with hope by the West is because he was elected by democratic vote. That is not to say that democracy is always the panacea and or the miraculous cure for all that ails a nation. Time and time again the West has been proved wrong about applying such false assumptions to every situation and every country, as their democratic expectations are rewarded by corruption, nationalism, mayhem and murder- and almost always of the minorities. The problem was not so much Milosevic himself but the Serbian psyche, which remains deplorably racist and murderous in its outlook. Well done, Serbia! Shame the whole thing didn't happen back in 1991, but better late then never. Enjoy yourself now, because really difficult work is till in front of you. Like dealing openly and honestly with the last 13 years. Milosevic is defeated, sure - but I'm not so convinced that mentality which made him possible in a first place is not there any more. At last, Serbia is free of Milosevic. It is true that we do not know what Kostunica is like but we know the people of Serbia have shown that they will not tolerate anyone else like Milosevic riding roughshod over their wishes and well being again. Well done to them. Now probably an air of normality can reign. As a Yugoslav (non-Serb) living abroad it seems to me the Yugoslav people seems over joyous with Mr Kostunica raise to power. He says " we will not let the west intervene and we will not hand any Serbs to Hague". Does he then justify what we have done us a nation to our neighbours and accepts no responsibility for it. Can he really give Yugoslavia a fresh start and a new beginning or is he no better than his predecessor? I think before we can live in peace and with clear conscious we must repay the deeds we owe or else we will never be truly FREE.
Andy O, Cape Town, South Africa Serbia has rid herself of Milosevic. I have a feeling though that rebuilding this nation will prove to be much more difficult. This guy has been in power since 1986 - when he took over the Serbian communist party and ruined the whole idea of socialistic Yugoslavia. He's finally finished. Congratulations, Serbia. The evil that has been done to Croats, Bosnians, Kosovars, etc, wasn't done by Milosevic alone. The people of Serbia have a responsibility to admit their evil and make restitution. The West should not help Serbia until this is done.
Albert P'Rayan, Kigali, Rwanda 5th October is my birthday and I got the best present. Good bye history, hello tomorrow What now for Yugoslavia? That is a good question. I hope that Serbians realise that hate and wars lead nowhere. Maybe it is too late, after what happened in Bosnia and Kosova but, better late than never. I hope that Serbians now understand that every human being has the right to fight for a better life and respect it. In the case of Kosovo, they have to respect the will of Albanians for independence. This is a first step in the right direction. The Serbian people however, should have a collective guilt. They have systematically committed and supported despicable crimes against humanity for which Milosevic cannot be held solely responsible. The Serbs must admit their crimes to themselves and to the world, find and punish the perpetrators and try to help the victims. The bridges wiped out by Nato are not the only ones that the Serbs need to re-build.
Daniel, Budapest, Hungary All Serbs around the world, whether they be in America, Asia, Europe or the South Pacific finally have a reason to celebrate!!! Today we are ALL united, because now we can freely say we are SERBIAN. Long live SERBIA !!! Congratulations, people of Yugoslavia! I'm so happy to see the end of Milosevic's rule, so glad to know that Yugoslavia is now free. I was afraid that if Milosevic stayed in power, there would be a war with Montenegro or civil war inside Serbia. It's wonderful to see this bloodless victory of freedom. Congratulations, Serbs! You just restored my faith in humankind. Now you will rebuild your beautiful country. It's just the beginning of a good future.
Srdjan, Serbia, in the US Finally the President of Yugoslavia will stop continuing to create wars on the Balkan. Now it's time for peace in Europe.
The Milosevic regime is over, thanks to the strength and unity of my people and my new President Kostunica. We left Yugoslavia because of his regime, suffered here for 6 years, and now, he's going! Praise God. We could even return now... CONGRATULATIONS to the people of Serbia on their terrific personal courage today. Now, if the USA can stop cynically meddling in the region maybe Slavic Europe can gradually be rebuilt and integrated economically with Scandinavian, Germanic and Romantic Europe.
Peter Bolton, UK in US I hope his reign of terror does end, but it seems whenever one of these despots are deposed, another one in some other country takes their place on the world stage. As a Serb living abroad I must say that the only way to eliminate Milosevic is through brute force and strength He will gladly sacrifice the blood of his people for another day in the White Palace. The US and NATO have helped him stay strong with their stupid bombings and weak interventions that have been used as rallying cries for Milosevic and his supporters. The only way he will leave Belgrade is in a casket and the people of Serbia long ago stopped caring about who is running them into the ground. |
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