A Pakistani earthquake survivor shivers in the rain

Kate Clark reports on how the humanitarian wings of these groups have been involved in the recovery efforts and considers the consequences for the future.

The quake last October killed more than 73,000 people and displaced a further three million.

Some Islamic groups were at the forefront of early relief efforts when help from international aid agencies was only just beginning.

Supporters of Jamaat ul-Dawa, one of Pakistan's most prominent Islamic extremist groups set up a bustling field hospital overlooking the Neelum River within days of the quake.

It was equipped with makeshift operating theatres and generators to power x-ray equipment.

The group also provided tents for the homeless.

Earlier this year the United Nations launched a �160 million rebuilding plan to help those in refugee camps return to their villages.

There had been fears the winter could bring a second wave of deaths.

But in August the UN said the winter months had passed with no severe malnutrition or outbreak of epidemics.

Despite sub-zero temperatures in the mountains and some heavy snow storms, the season has been unusually mild and dry.