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| Kinshasa's music, Congo's war ![]() Isabel Hilton (at right) surveys a Kinshasa marketplace By John Murphy
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The frontline may be hundreds of miles away and there are few obvious signs of the war in the capital, other than pockets of armed soldiers in the streets, but it is the talk of the town and it has had a devastating impact on the economy. Aslam Rawji's family has been doing business in Congo for over three generations. They own shops and factories, process coffee, and transport goods up and down the mighty Congo river - or at least they did until the war came.
But he doesn't just blame the war. "Ever since 1960 (when the country became independent from Belgium) we have had problems." It's been a history of looting and corruption. "1991 was the worst," Aslam explains. "We lost 14 million dollars in one night." The looting spree, by soldiers and civilians alike, was particularly targetted against expatriate-run businesses. Over the next few days impromptu markets were set up at the army camps, selling the looted goods. There have been several other episodes of looting since. Even when Laurent Kabila, with the help of his Rwandan allies, ousted the long-ruling dictator Mobutu Sese Seko from power two years ago, Aslam's family once more lost several cars. "This time it's worse," Aslam maintains, "because in the past we knew we would be able to carry on afterwards. Now we don't know if we will still be here at the end of the year." Overnight, the government has introduced an artificially low exchange rate against the dollar. Kinshasa's money changing offices were closed and black marketeers were locked up. Everything now has to go through the Central Bank; holding dollars has been made illegal. The Justice Minister announced that any Congolese found with dollars on them would be treated as traitors. A foreigner with dollars is, naturally, a spy.
The Rwandans helped Kabila to power two years ago, but then turned against him when he asked them to return home. Only the intervention of Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia and Chad on the government side prevented Kabila from being toppled. So how is this reflected in the music that as Manda Tshebwa, a musical expert, told us, is colonising the whole of Africa?
Zaiko Langa Langa are a bit of an exception. They still live in Kinshasa. While many of the country's top artists do return here to give concerts and, it is said, to get inspiration, most of them now live and work in Paris and Brussels. Their main source of income is not in Kinshasa, but from record sales abroad - especially in Europe and the United States. Meanwhile, the rest of Africa is also moving to a Congolese beat, admittedly mainly in the form of pirate cassettes. At a time of war and economic collapse, Congo's music appears to be one of its few unifying factors. Even the soldiers on both sides of the front line listen to it; when not fighting, they dance too. Also in this edition of Crossing Continents: what the finance minister thinks of his country's economic crisis, and a look at one of the many new religious sects springing up in Kinshasa. |
See also: 04 Jul 99 | Africa 26 Jul 99 | From Our Own Correspondent 09 Nov 99 | Africa 13 Oct 99 | Africa 15 Sep 99 | Africa 09 Sep 99 | Africa 07 Nov 99 | Africa Internet links: The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites Top Crossing Continents stories now: Links to more Crossing Continents stories are at the foot of the page. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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