Memorial events have been held throughout Georgia to mark the first anniversary of the Georgian-Russian war.
The ceremonies began with midnight bonfires at Gori, a city hit by Russian airstrikes and occupied by Russian troops last year.
Hours later under a grey sky, Georgian citizens gathered in the grounds of the medieval fortress in Gori and formed a Georgian flag.
Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili attended a wreath-laying ceremony at a military cemetery to honour the dead. He described his decision to mobilise troops as hard, but necessary to prevent "worse atrocities".
Hundreds died during the five-day war, with the grief still evident one year on. It began when Georgia tried to retake control of South Ossetia following clashes, but was repelled by Russia.
A photographic exhibition in Tbilisi chronicled the conflict. Human rights group Amnesty International said 30,000 from both sides are still unable to return to their homes.
Soldiers were among those who marked the day, lighting candles in churches as bells tolled for the dead.
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