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Gloria Arroyo began the day with a speech in the capital, Manila.

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Her supporters gave her an enthusiastic reception in Rizal Park.

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Later, she formally took the oath of office in Cebu, escorted by family members.

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Gloria Arroyo's daughter Luli had been standing in for her mother at rehearsals.

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Mrs Arroyo's administration is vaunting her return to office as a democratic triumph for the whole nation.

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Supporters of defeated candidate Fernando Poe Jr still refuse to accept the result.

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The opposition say the election was massively rigged in Mrs Arroyo's favour.

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The security forces have already clashed with Poe supporters in Manila and tension remains high.