Small arms facts

500 million in the world 40% to 60% illegal Trade worth $1 billion a year Light arms the weapon of choice in 46 of 49 conflicts in the 1990s Source: United Nations

But in the process, they gave in to the United States on two key provisions.

In line with US demands, the agreement does not attempt to limit individual civilian ownership of guns or bar governments from selling weapons to rebel groups.

However, it does call for government regulation of the sale of small arms and for measures to make it easier to track the movements of such weapons.

Other measures include calls for

• disarming combatants after the end of conflict

• destroying stockpiles of small arms

• public awareness campaigns about the danger of the illegal trade in light weapons.

Many small arms are light enough for a child to use

But the Africans gave way when it became clear that Washington would not accept an agreement that called for an end to selling arms to insurgents.

Washington did make one late concession, agreeing to a follow-up conference in 2006 as demanded by many delegates.

But it refused to countenance restrictions on the right of citizens to own guns. The US has a strong pro-gun lobby, and American citizens have a constitutional right to bear arms.

One anti-gun campaigner described the US position as "unbelievably selfish".

Rebecca Peters of the Open Society Institute accused the US of being "prepared to jeopardise the safety of millions of people in other countries, purely for the sake of pandering to its own domestic lobbying interests".

'Serious problem'

The senior US negotiator at the conference, Assistant Secretary of State Lincoln Bloomfield, said the agreement - which is not legally enforceable - set the basis for co-operative action "to address the very serious problems caused by flows of illicit small arms".

Mr Bush is indebted to the US gun lobby

Conference president, Ambassador Camillo Reyes of Colombia, said the meeting could have obtained a better document, but described the agreement as "a good start".

The UN says that small arms - which include pistols, assault rifles and machine guns - were the weapon of choice in 46 of the 49 armed conflicts fought in the 1990s.

Four million people died in those conflicts, some 90% of them civilians.

The UN estimates that about half the 500 million small arms in the world are illegal.